我国海洋塑料垃圾治理法律困境及对策研究

为有效开展海洋塑料垃圾的治理行动，文章在明确海洋塑料垃圾研究历程、特征以及总结颁布海洋塑料垃圾治理专门法律必要性的基础上，分析我国海洋塑料垃圾治理存在的法律困境，借鉴美国、日本等国家的相关经验后，提出相应的对策建议。研究表明：海洋塑料垃圾污染形势日益严峻，具有数量多、来源广、危害大等特征；目前我国存在缺乏专门针对海洋塑料垃圾治理的法律，相关制度责任主体不明、缺乏可操作性以及国际治理体系不尽完善的问题；以问题为导向，为顺利开展海洋塑料垃圾治理行动提供法律保障，应出台专门海洋塑料垃圾治理的法律，设立调解委员会，健全生产者责任延伸制度、污染者负责制度、公众参与制度，建立经营者责任制度以及加强国际合作的广度与深度，优化国际规则体系。

Research on Legal Dilemma and Countermeasures of Marine Plastic Waste Treatment in China

In order to effectively carry out the treatment of marine plastic waste, this paper, on the basis of clarifying the research history and characteristics of marine plastic waste and summarizing the necessity of promulgating special laws on marine plastic waste treatment, analyzes the legal dilemma of marine plastic waste treatment in China, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions after drawing lessons from the relevant experiences of the United States, Japan and other countries. The results show that the pollution situation of marine plastic waste is becoming more and more serious, with the characteristics of large quantity, wide sources and great harm. At present, there is a lack of laws specifically aimed at marine plastic waste treatment in China, the main body responsible for relevant systems is unclear, the operability is lacking, and the international governance system is imperfect. Problem-oriented, to provide legal guarantee for the smooth implementation of marine plastic waste treatment actions, special laws on marine plastic waste treatment should be introduced, a regulation committee should be established, an extended producer responsibility system, a polluter responsibility system, a public participation system should be improved, an operator responsibility system should be established, and the breadth and depth of international cooperation should be strengthened, the international rule system should be optimized.