SOVESTKAYA GEOLOGIYA (SOVIET GEOLOGY) IN COVER-TO-COVER TRANSLATION, 1961 NO. 1

Parts of certain alkalic intrusive massifs contain up to 63 cc methane per kilogram of rock, with smaller amounts of heavier hydrocarbon gases, bitumen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The authors argue that the hydrocarbons cannot have come from assimilated limestone, because the igneous rocks contain much more of these gases than do the enclosing limestones. Likewise, the hydrocarbons cannot have been introduced by late solutions because they are much lower in hydrothermal and metasomatic fades than in primary minerals of the high temperature intrusive facies. Hydrocarbons are not stable at magmatic temperatures; the authors conclude that these must have formed in the presence of natural catalysts during slow cooling below 500°C, in accordance with industrial synthesis of hydrocarbons. The C¹²/C¹³ ratio of the bitumens is in the range for ordinary petroleum, suggesting that they formed at relatively low temperature, but the carbon of the gaseous hydrocarbons is lighter, which may indicate that they formed at somewhat higher temperatures. -- E. Ingerson.