南极潮汐测量及区域潮汐对冰架表面流速影响的研究进展综述

南极区域潮汐是计算南极物质平衡和南极冰架表面冰流速的重要影响因素,同时对于研究冰架崩解和全球气候变暖具有重要作用。南极潮汐测量的方法从最初的实时测量,发展到了卫星测高和遥感监测以及建立数值模型预测的阶段。已有研究表明潮汐周期与冰架表面流速间存在一定关联,例如Filchner-Ronne冰架和Ross冰架的潮汐变化与冰流速度的联系为:在大潮时冰流速度达到最快,小潮时冰流速度达到最慢。研究还对南极典型冰架区域潮汐特征及对冰架表面冰流速、高程变化等的影响进行了总结。今后的研究不仅需要继续关注西南极和南极半岛的潮汐变化,更加需要对东南极稀疏的区域进行潮汐观测,这对于构建整个南极潮汐数据库和提高数值模型的精度具有重要意义。

Review of Research Progress of Tide Measuring and Influence of Regional Tide on Ice Shelf Surface Velocity in Antarctica

The Antarctic regional tide is the main influential factor in estimations of the Antarctic ice sheet mass balance and ice shelf surface velocity, which makes it of considerable importance for research on ice shelf collapse and global warming. Methods for determining the Antarctic tide have developed from real-time measurement into techniques based on satellite altimetry, remote sensing monitoring, and model predictions. Recent research has demonstrated a correlation between the tidal cycle and ice shelf surface velocity. For example, the surface velocities of the Filcher-Ronne and Ross ice shelves reach maxima during spring tides and minima during neap tides. This paper summarizes the association of tidal characteristics with the surface velocity and elevation changes of typical Antarctic ice shelves. It provides a basis for future studies focusing on the tidal variations of West Antarctica, the Antarctic Peninsula, and the data-sparse areas of East Antarctica, which are vital for building an Antarctic tidal database and for increasing model accuracy.