南极冰盖表面微地貌研究进展与展望

南极冰盖表面微地貌是大气与冰盖相互作用的直接产物,微地貌的形态特征、结构性质及其发展变化对南极冰盖表面的物质平衡、能量平衡以及冰盖记录大气信息的过程具有重要的影响,冰盖表面微地貌的结构性质以及空间分布的确定是计算南极冰盖物质平衡与能量平衡的重要依据,同时在南极冰芯钻探选址以及冰芯解译古气候信息时具有重要的参考价值。根据微地貌的形成方式将南极冰盖表面微地貌分为沉积型、侵蚀型、沉积间断型三类,介绍了南极冰盖表面常见的微地貌形态雪丘、雪纹、雪垄、雪窝以及光洁区的形态特征与结构性质,并对冰盖表面微地貌的分布规律特征进行了总结,文中重点对不同微地貌区域内的物质平衡与能量平衡特征进行了介绍,最后探讨了冰盖表面光洁区对南极冰芯选址的影响,并对未来南极微地貌研究进行了展望。

Research Progress and Prospects Regarding Microrelief on the Antarctic Ice Sheet Surface

Microrelief on the Antarctic ice sheet surface is the result of complex interactions between the atmosphere and the ice sheet surface. The morphological characteristics, internal structure, and evolution of microrelief play an important role in the evaluation of the mass and energy balances of the surface. The relationship between microrelief and ice layer formation provides a valuable reference regarding site selection for ice core drilling and ice core interpretation. Microrelief can be classified into three categories depending on its unique formation process: deposition type, erosion type, and long-term hiatus type. According to this classification, this paper introduces some common types of relief found in the Antarctic, such as snow dunes, ripples, sastrugi, pits, and glazed surfaces. Based on the research results of its predecessors, this work also provides a summary of the microrelief distribution law on the Antarctic ice sheet surface. Furthermore, the mass and energy balance characteristics of different microrelief areas are highlighted. Finally, the importance of glazed surfaces in the selection of ice core drilling locations is discussed, and the future prospects concerning the microrelief of the Antarctic ice sheet surface are summarized.