典型风景名胜城市土地利用动态变化及其影响机制研究——以广西壮族自治区阳朔县为例

以风景名胜城市广西壮族自治区阳朔县为例,在分析遥多期感影像的基础上,利用相关指标测度土地利用的动态变化,在此基础上分析了土地利用变化的特征与其影响机制。研究结果表明,1993年以来,阳朔县域建设用地是相对变化最大的土地利用类型。旅游业的发展加大了阳朔县旅游基础设施用地、旅游服务设施用地的需求,其增量均从林地、耕地转化而来。阳朔县域土地利用变化具有明显的阶段性,以1999年为界点,1999年以前属于自然状态下的蔓延式扩展阶段,1999年以后则为旅游影响下的飞地式扩展阶段;在农业发展减弱反馈、工业发展减弱反馈以及旅游业发展加强反馈的影响之下呈现农业用地、工业用地向旅游业用地转化的过程。由于阳朔县域绝大部分面积是桂林漓江国家风景名胜区的重要组成部分,在国家有关法律法规的控制之下,阳朔建设用地面积虽呈增加状态,但增加的面积与幅度较小。在国家刚性土地政策的控制之下,阳朔县土地建设用地呈现慢速增长状态。最后认为建立单独的旅游土地分类标准是测度旅游发展对土地利用影响的基础,也是进一步研究的方向。

Land Use Change Dynamics and Its Determining Mechanism in a Typical Tourist City: The Case of Yangshuo County,Guangxi

Based on the analysis of remotely sensed photographs taken at three different points in time: 5th Feb., 1993, 5th Jan., 1999, and 5th Nov., 2005, this study measured the dynamic changes of land uses and its determining mechanism in Yangshuo County. The findings are as follows. ① Among all land use types, urban construction land had undergone the most dramatic change since 1993. The further development of tourism industry need more related infrastructure and, as a result, more land supply, which had to come from former forest land and agricultural land. ② Different stages are readily observable in the land use change process, with 1999 as the tipping point. Before1999, the development had been characterized by urban sprawl under a noninterventionist traditional economy; after that, it has been characterized by an enclave-type of expansion propelled by the tourism industry. Tourism land use had been increasing at the expense of agricultural land and forest land. ③Because the majority of the land area of Yangshuo County is a constituent part of the Guilin-Lijiang National Scenic Area, there is no much room for Yangshuo County to increase the supply of land for construction according to relevant state laws and regulations. Thus its construction land expands at a slow pace. The article concludes that it is essential to establish a system of indices for the classification of tourist land uses, which can then serve as a foundation for assessing the impacts of tourism on land use.