Surface coseismic gravity changes caused by dislocations in a 3-D heterogeneous earth

This study describes an examination of surface gravity changes caused by dislocations within a 3-D heterogeneous earth. This new theory is described using six independent dislocations: a vertical strike-slip, two vertical dip-slips perpendicular to each other, and three tensile openings on three perpendicular planes. A combination of the six independent dislocations is useful to compute coseismic gravity changes resulting from an arbitrary seismic source at an arbitrary position. Based on the 3-D lateral inhomogeneous P -wave velocity model, we deduce the 3-D density and S -wave velocity models using the relation of Karato. Finally, numerical computations are performed for a location south of Japan (30°N, 135°E). We calculate the coseismic gravity changes resulting from the six independent dislocations for source depths of 100, 300 and 637 km, respectively. Numerical results show that the maximum 3-D effect varies concomitantly with the dislocation type and the source depth. For seismic problems, the effect of elastic parameter  μ  is dominant.