泥石流运动衰减动力学初步研究

我国公路泥石流病害严重，泥石流淤埋公路构建筑物是一类常见的公路泥石流病害类型。泥石流衰减动力学是防治泥石流淤埋病害的重要关键技术，也是泥石流运动学、动力学研究的核心问题之一。本文作者运用泥沙运动力学及流体力学原理，初步建立了泥石流固相颗粒和液相浆体的能量衰减条件，把泥石流衰减模式概化为两类，即能量抑制衰减和能量自由衰减；通过泥石流沉积模型试验，得到了不同粘度泥石流体的沉积扇变化形态，随着泥石流体粘度的增大，沉积扇边缘变陡、扩展范围变小、纵轴线长度减小等结论与实际情况吻合；初步建立了泥石流能量衰减速率计算方法。研究成果为防治公路泥石流病害奠定了基础。

Research on the dynamics of attenuation of debris flow

Debris flow disasters along highway are very serious in China, which frequently buries road and damages the facility of highway. Understanding dynamics of attenuation of debris flow is a key to prevent and cure debris flow disaster, as weU as one of the key problems about kinematics and dynamics of debris flow. Authors use the theory of dynamo of bedload movement and the dynamo of liquid to establish the energy attenuation condition of debris flow solid pattern grain and liquid. We discuss the attenuation modes of two types of debris flows, and their energy control attenuation and energy freedom attenuation. By the sediment model experimentation of debris flow, we analyze debris flow fan in variety shapes with different mucosity based on the mucosity of debris flow. It is found that the brim of sediment becomes steep, extending range becomes small and the length of vertical axes reduces etc, when viscosity of debris flow increases. These findings are consistent with the actual debris flow in field. Moreover, we proposed a calculation method of debris flow energy attenuation velocity, which could be useful for debris flow prevention and control along highway.