我国矿山生态环境及生态恢复技术的现状

经历几十年的矿业开发,带来的严重环境问题及诱发日益频繁的次生地质灾害,已影响到区域社会及经济的发展。近年来经济的高速增长,对矿产资源的需求保持持续增长态势,对生态环境的破坏更加严重;全国工矿业发展导致的土地与生态退化的面积达700万hm2,复垦率不足15%,目前仍以每年4万hm2的速度增加。我国矿山存在的主要问题是:破坏山体植被、地面塌陷灾害严重、过量开采地下水引发地面沉降、大量废石尾矿造成污染、矿坑废水污染严重。我国自20世纪90年代后开始重视矿山生态恢复,经过十几年的研究,已在生态恢复技术方面取得了较多的成果并在工程实践中取得了很好效果。目前我国矿山生态环境恢复与治理的主要技术方法有:植生卷铺盖法、挂三维网植草、液压喷播、生态多孔混凝土绿化法、浆砌空心砖培土种草与喷混植草、喷混植草、高陡岩石边坡绿化的新型防护结构体系等。

The situation of eco-environment and its resumption techniques in mining area of our country

Serious environment problem has occurred and geology hazard has happened continually after the mineral industry has developed for several decades.It has already influenced the development of society and economy.Economic increased at high speed in recent years,kept on growth situation to the need of mineral resources,this conduced more serious breakage on ecoenvironment.Degenerative area of mine ecology is 7000000 hektares because of mining development.Resuption rate is less than 15%,it is still increasing currently at the speed of 40,000 hectares every year.Primary problem of mine in our country are mountain vegetation destroy,the hazard severity of ground collapse,mining excessive groundwater causing ground to sink,a great deal of mullock gangue resulting in pollution and the pollution severity of waste water of mine pit.Our country has started to regard the ecology resumption of mine since 1990s.Many harvests on ecology resumption of mine are obtained,and received very good effect in the engineering practice.The primary methods of mine ecology resumption are covering with grass roll,hanging a 3D net to plant grass,erupting grass seed of hydraulic pressure,the virescence method of more bores concrete,earth up to grow grass of build by laying hollow brick,spraying concrete to plant grass and the virescence of high slope.