新疆区域经济增长中的全要素生产率的实证分析——基于非参数Malmquist指数方法

 新疆作为经济发展较为落后的地区，人力资源和资金缺乏严重，因此提高全要素生产力对新疆经济发展意义更为重大。依据2005-2009年新疆地州级面板数据，采用非参数Malmquist指数方法，实证分析了新疆经济增长过程中全要素生产率的变动状况，并将其进一步分解为技术效率和技术进步。结果表明：2005-2009年新疆绝大多数地州和新疆平均全要素生产率小于1，主要受到技术进步、技术效率和规模效率的综合影响。尽管技术进步水平不断提高，但技术效率和规模效率下降产生的负面影响起到了较大的抵消作用。技术效率的下降阻碍了技术进步速度，新技术引进后利用效率不高。尤其是各地区出现规模效率下降的情况，说明技术效率不高的主要原因在于规模不经济，用大量资源投入换取经济增长，造成资源浪费。不同地州由于经济发展水平不同，对科技发展的重视不同，技术效率、技术进步和规模效率变动的状况还不完全相同，按照纯技术效率和规模效率是否大于1将新疆各地州可分为4种类型。因此在进行区域规划时，既要考虑新疆整体变化情况，还应当根据各区域的特点采取不同的策略。

Empirical analysis of total factor productivity of Xinjiang:a nonparametric malmquist index approach

As a comparatively backward area of economic development,Xinjiang is in a serious lack of human resource and funds,so increase the total factor productivity is more important to the economic development of Xinjiang.Through a nonparametric Malmquist index approach,this paper has analyzed total factor productivity change in Xinjiang’s economics developments with panel data from 2005 to 2009,which is decomposed into technical efficiency and technical progress.The results show that the average growth rate of Xinjiang’s total factor productivity index from 2005 to 2009 is below 1,which is mainly due to the constraints of technical progress,technical efficiency and scale efficiency.Although the technical progress is growing fast,the negative effect of the decline of technical efficiency and scale efficiency could not be neglected,and this is varying with different place.The decline of technical efficiency hindered the technology progress speed,and new technology introduction in the use efficiency is not high.The emergence of the decline of scale efficiency in different regions particularly shows that the main reason of low technical efficiency is scale diseconomy,which has caused resources waste with plenty of resources for economic growth.Due to different levels of economic development,the emphasis on technological development is varying with different states.The variation of technical efficiency,technical progress and scale efficiency is not exactly the same,all states of Xinjiang could be divided into four types according to whether the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency is above 1.Therefore,we must not only consider the entirety variation in Xinjiang,but also adopt different tactics according to the characteristics of each area in the regional planning.To increase the total factor productivity of Xinjiang,we should pay attention to enhance technical efficiency,technological progress level and scale efficiency at the same time.The growth of total factor productivity is limited if depending solely on one aspect.