高寒牧区草地沙化问题研究——以玛曲草原为例

 针对玛曲草原草地退化问题，运用Cobb-Douglas生产函数和Chow分割点检验定量分析原料型畜牧业和制度对草地沙化的影响，并得出制度是导致草地沙化的根本原因；针对存在的问题，运用环境机会论探索可持续的生产、经营和管理模式。通过优化发展模式，实现经济发展与草原生态的良性循环，为其他高原牧区畜牧业经济发展提供借鉴意义。

Grassland degradation with C -D and Chow model in Plateau Pasture:a case of Maqu Pasture

Maqu grassland,belong to Maqu County,Annan Prefecture,Gansu Province,China and located at eastern fringe of Qinhai-Tibet Plateau,is important to the water supply area of Yellow River,but grassland desertification in the region had an vicious effect on this function.This paper aims at the problem of grassland degradation in Maqu pasture,quantitatively analyses reasons for the grassland degradation from natural and artificial factors by applying Cobb-Douglass production function,concludes that the artificial factors are the main reason to cause grassland degradation.The paper further analyzes the artificial factors from three aspects of the raw material model of animal husbandry,operations management system and implementation mechanism,and considers that the institution is the root reason of grassland degradation by applying the method of Chow breakpoint test.The relationship between the institution of grassland property right and over-gazing is consanguineous,and the design of the institution of property right is faultiness and institution provided is lagging,which makes utilization and protection of grassland out-of-order,tempts herd to over-manage grassland,and leads grassland to be overgrazed over long time.For the existent problems,the paper explores sustainable model of production,operation and management by environmental opportunity,and proposes the sustainable development models of eco-cultural tourism,partnerships system and government management and religious propaganda combined.By optimizing development model to realize virtuous circle between the economic development and grassland ecology,it provides references for other plateau pastoral areas of animal husbandry economic development.