煤炭开发与利用的环境保护问题

我国1990年烟尘排放量13.24 Mt、SO₂14.95 Mt,其中80%～90%来自燃煤。煤矿每年排放近200 Mt煤矸石,积存量超过1.5 Gt,占地86.71 km²以上。大中型煤矿平均每采1t煤要排4t水,选煤厂每年排放近30 Mt毒性较大的废水。在平原区地下每采万吨煤平均地面陷落面积达2000 m²。这都严重地改变地质环境,影响生产和人类生活。美国近年提出环境质量标准,发放排污许可证及排放量削减使用卡等政策,取得良好效果。煤田勘探时应进行环境地质调查,编制有关图件,查清煤中有毒元素,以供环保规划使用。

PROBLEM ON COAL DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

In 1990 ,smog and dust emission in China reached 13. 24Mt,SO₂ emission was as much as 14. 95Mt, 80%-90% of which came from coal combustion. About 200Mt of coal waste are disposed annually, and the overall stockpile totals over 1. 5Gt,which has occupied more than 86. 71km2. For a large or medium-sized coal mine, the coal/water rate is on average 1 :4 in tonnage . 30Mt of toxic waste water come from coal preperation plants annually. On average,the land susidence area for producing 10 OOOt of coal by underground operation in flat areas is up to 2 000m2. All of these have been changing the geological environments and influencing the production activities even human life. So,it is really necessary to produce the needed environment-related maps and to investigate toxic elements in coal during a coal exploration and geological survey, such as the americans are doing today.