河北南部地区资源、环境、发展初析

河北南部地区山前平原区农业气候条件适于夏玉米的生长 ,黑龙港地区适于棉花的生长。本区水资源匮乏 ,地下水超采严重。浅层地下水超采模数为 8.0 1× 1 0 4 m3/( km2 ·a) ,深层地下水为 2 .5 8× 1 0 4 m3/( km2·a)。全区水资源利用的综合边际效益以廊坊市最高 ( 2 6.68元 /t) ,保定市最低 ( 1 4.85元 /t) ,两者之比为 1 .80。区内地下水降落漏斗与地面沉降等环境地质灾害频繁 ,1 998年浅层地下水漏斗区面积为 0 .5 4× 1 0 4 km2 ,深层地下水为 1 .5 9× 1 0 4 km2。地下水、粮食和蔬菜受到农药残留、过量化肥的污染。本区 2 0 1 0水平年外流域调水将占可供水量的 2 3.9% ,但缺水率仍达 36.2 %。若全区通过发展工程节水 (提高综合节水率 3.2 % )、实施适水种植 (冬小麦播种面积下调 7% ) ,利用水分胁迫处理 (减少一次灌溉 )等节水措施 ,则比 1 999年节水 1 7.2 %。

Preliminary Analysis of Resources, Environment and Development in the South Hebei Area

The agricultural climatic condition is suitable for summer maize in the piedmont plain and for cotton in the Heilonggang Region in the South Hebei Area. Water resources in the area are deficient. Groundwater overexploitation is serious, the modulus of which is 8 01×10 4m 3/(km 2·a) for shallow aquifers and is 2 58×10 4m 3/(km 2·a) for deep aquifers. The comprehensive marginal revenue of water resources use in the area is highest (26 68 yuan/ton) for Langfang City and is lowest (14 85 yuan/ton) for Baoding City, the rate of which is 1 80. There are frequent environmental geological disasters such as depression cone of groundwater, in which the cone area was 5 4 thousand km 2 for shallow aquifers and was 15 9 thousand km 2 for deep aquifers in 1998, and land subsidence and obvious pollution of surviving pesticide and over-use chemical fertilizer to groundwater and grain and vegetables in the area. The water-lacking rate will be 36 2% in the area in 2010, in which the ratio between the water-transferring from the Changjiang River and the Huanghe River and the water supply will be 23 9%. The water-saving rate of 17 2% compared with the level in 1999 can be achieved by implementing the water-saving measures such as water-saving by irrigation projects (raising the comprehensive water-saving rate of 3 2%), water-suiting plant (reducing the sown area proportion of 7% for winter wheat), water stress treatment (decreasing once irrigation).