流域水环境功能区划及其关键问题

针对现行水环境功能区划存在的6大问题,提出了以景观生态学、流域管理和水生态服务功能等为理论基础的,以水生态分区、水生态系统完整性评价、冲突分析等为区划途径的流域水环境功能区划。该区划方法及技术路线充分体现了国外趋势与国内管理要求:流域尺度、协调思想、因地制宜和动态性,并重点分析了概念内涵和技术操作程序。同时针对此区划的2大关键问题——协调人与自然、不同利益者冲突问题和确定分类管理功能区——提出了思路与解决途径。本研究有效地权衡了人类需求功能与水生态需求功能,协调了跨界冲突问题以及综合考虑了水资源利用、水环境改善和水生态保护的相互关系,为我国未来水环境管理和流域管理提供技术支持。

Water environmental function zoning at watershed scale and its key problems

At present,some problems are found in the current water environmental function zoning.Based on the theory of the landscape ecology,the watershed protection approaches and the ecosystem services,the methods of ecoregions,the the ecosystem integrity assessment,and the comparative analysis,this paper proposes the concept of water environmental function zoning at watershed scale(WEFZWS) and analyzes its meaning,technical approaches and key problems.This WEFZWS is consistent with the international trend and the national requirement,especially at watershed scale,harmony and the site-specific and dynamic.And this WEFZWS efficiently balances the relationship between the human demand function and the water ecosystem demand function,and harmonizes the conflicts in trans-boundary regions,and synthetically considers the use of water resource,the environment restoration and the water ecosystem protection.In a word,this WEFZWS will promote China's water environment management and watershed management in the future.