Changes in the spatial distribution of subtidal macrobenthos due to predation by white shrimp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Litopenaeus setiferus</Emphasis>) |
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Authors: | J J Beseres R J Feller |
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Institution: | (1) Marine Science Program, Baruch Marine Field Laboratory, University of South Carolina, P.O. Box 1630, Georgetown, SC 29442, USA;(2) Coastal Ecosystem Division, South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, FL 33406, USA;(3) Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Science Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;(4) Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, HRI 210, 6300 Ocean Drive, Unit 5869, Corpus Christi, TX 78412-5869, USA |
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Abstract: | Manipulative caging experiments were conducted in North Inlet, South Carolina, to measure the predatory effect of juvenile
penaeid white shrimp,Litopenaeus setiferus, on their subtidal macrobenthic prey. We used the natural neighbor interpolation procedure within a Geographic Information
System (GIS) to map macrobenthos distributions at both the start and end of the cage deployments. Moran’s I, a commonly used
index of spatial autocorrelation, provided a quantitative metric for evaluating the statistical significance of the observed
changes. We tested the hypothesis that juvenile white shrimp are optimal foragers by assessing whether their predatory behavior
was targeted at higher density macrobenthos patches inside the enclosures, resulting in a more homogeneous distribution of
prey after seven days. Since large changes in patchiness could occur over seven days without incurring a significant change
in index value, we treated each index as a continuous measure of patchiness, and examined whether the value increased or decreased
consistently among treatment replicates. Using Moran’s I, the abundance and spatial distribution of macrobenthos inside control,
partial, open, and shrimp inclusion treatments varied in their response. After seven days, decreased patchiness was consistently
observed in the high density shrimp treatment replicates, and increased patchiness in the open plots. The GIS natural neighbor
interpolation created a succinct visual representation of dramatic changes in prey spatial distribution and prey densities
throughout each cage. The GIS interpolation conveyed the dynamic nature of the spatial variability that would not have been
evident by calculation of Moran’s I alone. Although we could only weakly support our hypothesis, the combination of visual
interpolation methods with index calculations has great potential for gaining further insights into the role of different
factors as they affect changes in spatial distribution of benthic infauna. |
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