雨海哥白尼纪月岭的构造样式与演化过程研究

月岭是月球表面月海中分布最广的一种线性构造。虽然月岭的形貌特点已被广泛认识，但它的演化机制与过程却一直存在争论。月球目前所处的地质历史时期哥白尼纪形成的另一种线性构造叶状陡坎已被发现，改变了之前人类普遍认为月球自31亿年以来再无构造活动的认识，但月岭发育的时代特征还未确定，因此，对月岭成因过程和形成时代的研究是认识月球表面构造形成机制和月球演化过程的关键。基于美国勘测轨道飞行器(LRO)数据，对雨海地区的月岭构造进行解译；利用小型撞击坑直径与形貌相对关系定年法结合月岭与小型撞击坑的交切关系，证明在哥白尼纪月球表面仍然有月岭发育，进一步证实月球表面仍然有构造运动发生。利用哥白尼纪叶状陡坎的成因机制，文中设计了基底收缩作用下的月岭砂箱构造物理模拟实验，并设置不同参数多次反复模拟，将模拟结果的顶面和剖面形态以及构造样式与实际月岭进行了对比分析。模拟结果与实际月岭各项特征基本吻合，得出基底收缩可以作为哥白尼纪月岭的形成机制；此外，通过实验发现在这一机制下月岭是由先形成的叶状陡坎构造发展而来，并在月岭发育后又有新的叶状陡坎形成。通过实验过程的监测以及对实验数据的测算，发现月岭的演化过程经历塑性变形期、叶状陡坎发育期、月岭形成期和月岭成形后的叶状陡坎再发育期4个时期；月岭与叶状陡坎并不是受物质与环境约束完全独立发育的两类线性构造，在哥白尼纪以收缩为动力来源的应力环境下可以互相转化。

Tectonic style and formation process of mare ridge of Copernicus in Mare Imbrium region

Mare ridge is a kind of linear structure which is distributed most widely in the mare on the moon surface.Although its topographic characteristics have been well recognized,its mechanism and process of evolution have been debated.It has been found that the lobate scarp,another kind of linear structure,was formed in the Copernicus that is the newest lunar geological history period.This changed the concept that the moon has no tectonic activity since the 3.1 billion years ago,but the formation time of the mare ridge is unclear.Thus,the study of the process and time of the formation of the mare ridge is the key to understanding the structure formation mechanism and evolution process in lunar surface.Based on the data of American Orbiter(LRO),the Mare ridges in Mare Imbrium are interpreted.It is confirmed by the dating method based on the relationship between diameter and morphology of small craters and the cross-cut relationship of mare ridges and small impact craters that some mare ridges began to develop in the Copernicus,further demonstrating that there still is tectonic movement on the moon surface.Physical modeling experiments are designed for simulating mare ridge in basal contraction mechanism,simulated with different parameters.The top surface,the profile shape,as well as structural features of the simulation results are analyzed in comparison with the actual mare ridges.The results show that the basal contraction may be the mechanism of the mare ridges developed in the Copernicus.In addition,it is found that the mare ridges are evolved by the lobate scarps in this mechanism,and there are new lobate scarps forming after mare ridges developed.Through the monitoring of the experiment and estimates of the data,the evolutionary process of the mare ridge contains the plastic deformation period,the lobate scarps development period,mare ridge formation period and lobate scarps re-development period.Mare ridges and lobate scarps are not two kinds of linear structures completely independently developed by the limitation of materials and environments.