渔具合成纤维材料强度性能的比较与分析

渔用合成纤维及其网线和绳索是构成渔具的基本要素，其强度性能对渔具的力学性能、渔获性能、使用寿命和制造成本具有重要作用。为了满足海洋渔业不断发展的需要，我国陆续颁布了一批国家及行业质量标准，并在实践中逐步接近ＩＳＯ标准或国际名牌产品标准，使渔具纤维材料性能有了较大的提高。本文通过对国内外渔具合成纤维材料强度性能的比较和分析，认为：（１）国产合成纤维长丝的有关性能与日本产品无显著差异；（２）国产ＰＡ胶丝性能普遍较好，并优于英国产品，而ＰＡ长丝捻线与国外产品尚有较大差距；（３）ＰＥ线产品性能普遍超过ＱＪ／ＣＮＦＣ０２９２标准，但仍低于ＳＣ１４１—８５标准要求；（４）国产ＰＡ长丝三股绳索性能与德国产品接近而高于日本产品；（５）ＰＥ和ＰＶＡ三股绳索性能仅略高于日本产品；（６）渔具新材料的研制及其在渔业中的开发应用与国外相比，尚有较大差距，应得到足够重视。

COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF STRENGTH PERFORMANCE OF FISHING SYTHETIC FIBRES

The basic elements of fishing gear are fishing sythetic fibres, twines and ropes, whose strength performances strongly affect the mechanical and fishing performances of fishing gear and its working duration and production cost. Our country has published a series of National and Industrial Quality Standards for fishing materials to meet the needs of develop ment of fisheries. In practice these standards gradually become equal to ISO standards or the product standards of international famous brands. As a result of using the product standards, the performance of fishing sythetic fibres has greatly improved. In this paper a comparison and alanysis of strength performances of fishing sythetic fibres has been made and the authors consider that: (1) The performance of Chinese sythetic long fibres is nearly equal to that of Japanese products; (2) National PA Filarment is generally good, and better than the English products. The PA twines of long fibre are much worse than foreign products; (3) The performance of PE products generally is higher than the requirment of QJ/CNFC 0292 Standard, and still lower than the requirment of SC141-85 Standard; (4) The performance of national long fibre rope with three yarns is near that of German products and higher than that of Japanese products; (5) The performance of PE & PVA ropes with three yarns is a little higher than that of Japanese products; (6) The research and development of new fishing material and its application to fisheries still lag behind compared with advanced foreign fisheries. We must pay more attention to them.