海冰对海浪影响研究综述

受全球气候变化的影响，极区海浪尤其是北极海浪在过去几十年发生了显著的变化，使得海冰边缘区海冰与海浪的相互作用愈发显著。本文从物理海洋学的角度出发，较系统地总结了海冰对海浪作用研究的国内外现状，从理论和实测的角度分别探讨了海冰对海浪能量的耗散及其引起的波动频散关系的变化，同时分析了当前海冰覆盖海域海浪的数值模拟与现场观测研究，指出了未来开展有冰海域海浪数值模拟与预报所面临的主要问题，并对该方向今后的研究做出展望。总体来看，尽管海冰对海浪作用的机理复杂且与海冰类型高度相关，但是海冰对海浪能量的衰减与传播距离基本呈指数关系，并且海冰会一定程度上影响海浪的传播速度。未来依然需要更多不同海冰类型下海浪的观测数据以开展进一步的机理分析、模型检验和参数校准，进而实现高精度的业务化预报。

A Review on the Effect of Sea Ice on Ocean Waves

Influenced by the global climate change, ocean waves in polar regions, especially in the Arctic Ocean, experienced significant changes over the past few decades, which resulted in strengthening wave-ice interactions in marginal ice zones. From the perspective of physical oceanography, this paper summarizes the present research situation of sea ice effects on ocean waves, discusses the attenuation of wave energy and the variations in wave dispersion relation based on both theories and measurements, analyzes the numerical simulation and the field observation of surface waves in ice-covered seas, and points out the main problems of modeling and forecasting ocean waves when sea ice exists. At last, the future research of ice effects on ocean waves is prospected. Generally, though the mechanisms of ice effects on waves are complicated and highly related to the sea ice types, the ice-induced wave attenuation shows an exponential relation with propagation distance, and the wave speed is influenced by sea ice more or less. In the near future, more wave observations under various types of sea ice covers are necessary to perform mechanism analysis, model validations and parameter calibrations, and then the high-accuracy operational wave forecast.