初论成矿系统的时空结构及其构造控制

从成矿时间域、空间域的视角探讨了成矿系统的层次结构和构造对成矿系统的控制作用。一般内生成矿系统的时限可对应于大地构造活动旋回或相对独立的构造活动阶段，沉积成矿系统与变质成矿系统应与地质年代(代、纪、世)相对应。在空间尺度上，成矿系统从大到小可划分为7个层次：成矿全球系统、成矿巨系统、成矿大系统、成矿系统、成矿亚系统、成矿子系统和成矿亚子系统，它们分别对应于全球、成矿域、成矿省、成矿区带、成矿亚带或矿集区、矿田和矿床，低级别成矿系统的发育受到高一级成矿系统的约束，它们又受多级别成矿构造体系的控制。在此基础上阐述了长江中下游铁铜金成矿带成矿系统的类型、时空结构及其构造控制，其中区域断裂-岩浆网络体系是控制燕山期岩浆-热液成矿系统层次结构的主导因素，矿田内断裂-岩浆网络体系的“三层结构”模式控制了成矿子系统的分带性，侵入-接触构造体系多样性使成矿亚子系统和矿床产出各具特色。构造和岩浆活动的耦合是成矿系统发育的重要动力学机制，相对持续稳定的矿田构造应力场和成矿流体系统是形成大型矿田(床)的有利条件。

Primary discussion on the temporal-spatial structure and tectonic controls of metallogenic systems

From the view of the temporal and special domain of ore mineralization, the hierarchies and tectonic controls on metallogenic systems are focused to discuss in this paper. Generally, the time limits often correspond to geotectonic cycles or independent tectonic stages for endogenetic metallogenic systems, and those correspond to geological chronologies (era, period, epoch) for sedimentary and metamorphic ones. According to spatial scale, metallogenic systems can be divided into seven hierarchies, which include global, giant, large, normal, sub, filial and sub-filial systems from large to small. And the seven hierarchies correspond to globe, metallogenic domain, metallogenic province, metallogenic belts, ore districts, ore field and ore deposit respectively. Developing of the junior metallogenic system is controlled by the senior one, and they are controlled by multi- metallotectonic systems. According to the above view, this paper expatiated on the type and the temporal-spatial structure of as well as the tectonic controls on the metallogenic systems of iron-copper-gold metallogenic belt along middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The regional faults-magmatic network system was the dominant factor that determined hierarchies of the magma- hydrothermal metallogenic system formed during Yanshanian. And the faults-magma network system in the ore filed had a model of "three-tier structure", which controlled the distribution zoning of the filial metallogenic system. Successively the various intrusive-contact structures made the sub-filial metallogenic system and the ore deposits distinctive. So coupling of the tectonic and the magmatism is the important dynamic mechanism to control the development of the metallogenic systems. And relatively continuous and stable tectonic stress field, as well as ore-forming fluid system, was the favorable conditions that formed large ore fields (deposits) in the area.