建成环境对城市不同年龄群体活力的时空异质性影响研究

城市活力是城市空间质量的重要体现,对构建可持续发展的城市空间具有重要参考意义。该文以西宁市主城区为例,利用手机信令数据探索城市不同年龄群体活力的空间分布模式,采用多元线性逐步回归模型和多尺度地理加权回归(MGWR)模型定量研究建成环境对城市不同年龄群体活力的时空异质性影响。研究发现:1)根据不同年龄群体活动能力和需求的差异可将活力空间分布模式划分为“离核紧凑型”“离核延伸型”“聚核延伸型”“聚核紧凑型”4种群体活力分布模式。2)建成环境对群体活力影响的群体差异和时空异质性显著。区位条件普遍影响各群体活力且具有稳健的时间变化特征;道路交叉口密度有利于青年和老年群体活力的提升,且白天影响力高于夜晚;公交线路数量仅与老年群体白天活力呈正相关关系;白天时段建筑密度对少年和老年群体活力的积极影响高于夜晚;容积率对青年群体夜晚活力和老年群体白天活力的影响完全相反;相比功能混合度,具体配套设施密度对各群体活力影响更突出。研究结果可为城市精准设计和差异化设施布局提供借鉴,促进城市空间协调发展。

Study on the Impact of Built Environment on Spatio-temporal Heterogeneity of Vitality of Different Age Groups in Cities

Urban vitality is an important manifestation of urban space quality,guiding the construction of sustainable cities.We use mobile signaling data to explore the spatial distribution patterns of vitality of different age groups,and exploit the multiple linear stepwise regression and multiscale geographically weighted regression(MGWR)to quantify the impact of built environment on spatial-temporal heterogeneity of vitality of different age groups.The findings are as follows.1)According to the differences of activity ability and demand of different age groups,the spatial distribution pattern of their vitality can be divided into four types:"detached core and compact form""detached core and extended form""gathered core and extended form"and"gathered core and compact form".2)The impact of built environment on the group vitality shows significant difference in group category and spatiotemporal heterogeneity.Location conditions generally affect the group vitality,and have stable time variation characteristics.About traffic accessibility,the influence of intersection density during the daytime is higher than night,which is conducive to the improvement of the vitality of youth and elderly.The number of bus routes is positively correlated with the elderly vitality during daytime.On building space,building density during the daytime has a higher positive impact on the vitality of teenagers and elderly groups than that at night.The effect of floor area ratio on the night vitality of youth group and the daytime vitality of elderly group is opposite.Compared with land-use mix,the density of specific supporting facilities has a more prominent impact on the group vitality.The research can provide reference for the precise design of the city and the layout of differentiated facilities,so as to promote the coordinated development of urban space.