凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)池塘生物膜低碳养殖技术研究

采用水体中设置生物膜净水栅对比实验的方法, 在6口土池开展生物膜原位修复技术对土池半咸水养殖凡纳滨对虾的节能减排、养殖效益及机理的研究。结果表明, 在135d的养殖期间, 处理组水质的pH、TAN、NO2-N、无机氮和无机磷浓度分别显著低于对照组7.5%、78.8%、76.2%、53.2%和66.1% (P<0.05), DO浓度极显著高于对照组13.5% (P<0.01); 弧菌数极显著低于对照组66% (P<0.01), 细菌总数、硅藻相对密度、藻类生物多样性指数分别极显著高于对照组206%、173%、25.6% (P<0.01), 藻类密度、蓝藻相对密度分别显著低于对照组64.7%、70% (P<0.05); 生物膜上的细菌总数高达5.8×109CFU/g, 而弧菌数为零; 虾养殖成活率、虾起捕规格、虾产量分别极显著高于对照组62.5%、53.9%、150% (P<0.01), 饲料系数极显著低于对照组26.8% (P<0.01), 处理组每公顷池塘养虾增加利润约22.1万元。池塘生物膜低碳养殖技术具有成本低、节能减排、增产增收、操作简便与易推广等优点, 具有广阔的应用前景。

TECHNIQUE OF POND AQUACULTURE WITH BIOFILM LOW-CARBON FOR WHITE SHRIMP LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI

To save energy and reduce pollution, we studied the technique of biofilm in-situbioremediation of earthen pond culture for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The treatment system included biofilm purification water bar, earthen ponds for biofilm development, and the control without the bar. Six brackish water earthen ponds for intensive L. vannamei culture were built. The results show, during 135-day trial, in comparison with the control, the concentrations of pH, TAN, NO2-N, inorganic nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphate were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by 7.5%, 78.8%, 76.2%, 53.2% and 66.1%; concentration of dissolved oxygen was significantly increased for 13.5%; the quantity of Vibrio decreased by 66%; total bacteria, silicon algae relative density and algae diversity index increased for 206%, 173%, and 25.6%, respectively; algae density and blue algae relative density decreased by 64.7% and 70%, respectively; total bacteria within biofilm was about 5.8×109CFU/g, while the quantity of Vibriowithin the biofilm was zero. The treatment increased significantly the survival rate, harvest size, and net yield for 62.5%, 53.9%, and 150%, respectively, and decreased feed conversion rate by 26.8%, resulting in the increased profit of about 221 thousand Yuan per hectare than the control.