GRS evidence and the possibility of paleooceans on Mars |
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| Authors: | James M Dohm Victor R Baker William V Boynton Alberto G Fairén Justin C Ferris Michael Finch Roberto Furfaro Trent M Hare Daniel M Janes Jeffrey S Kargel Suniti Karunatillake John Keller Kris Kerry Kyeong J Kim Goro Komatsu William C Mahaney Dirk Schulze-Makuch Lucia Marinangeli Gian G Ori Javier Ruiz Shawn J Wheelock |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;2. Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;3. Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA;4. California Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA;5. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;6. United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA;7. Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;8. Department of Physics, California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo, CA 9340, USA;9. Geological and Environmental Hazards Division, Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, South Korea;10. International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università d’Annunzio, Pescara, Italy;11. Geomorphology and Pedology Laboratory, York University, Atkinson College, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3;12. Quaternary Surveys, Thornhill, Ontario, Canada L4J 1J4;13. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;14. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;1. ASI, Rome, Italy;2. University of Annunzio, Pescara, Italy;3. ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands;4. University of Western Ontario, London, Canada;1. V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19, Kosygin St., 119991 Moscow, Russia;2. Institut für Planetologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany;1. Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;2. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA;1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;2. Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;1. Dept. Physical Sciences, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom;2. Planetary Science Institute, Suite 106, 1700 East Fort Lowell, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA;3. UCD School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;1. National Engineering School of Sfax, Road of Soukra, km 4, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia;2. RU: Sedimentary Dynamics and Environment (DSE) (Code 03/UR/10-03), National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia;3. International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università d’Annunzio, Viale Pindaro 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy;4. Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, NY, USA;5. Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Utah, 115 S. 1460 E. Rm. 383 FASB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA |
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| Abstract: | The Gamma Ray Spectrometer (Mars Odyssey spacecraft) has revealed elemental distributions of potassium (K), thorium (Th), and iron (Fe) on Mars that require fractionation of K (and possibly Th and Fe) consistent with aqueous activity. This includes weathering, evolution of soils, and transport, sorting, and deposition, as well as with the location of first-order geomorphological demarcations identified as possible paleoocean boundaries. The element abundances occur in patterns consistent with weathering in situ and possible presence of relict or exhumed paleosols, deposition of weathered materials (salts and clastic minerals), and weathering/transport under neutral to acidic brines. The abundances are explained by hydrogeology consistent with the possibly overlapping alternatives of paleooceans and/or heterogeneous rock compositions from diverse provenances (e.g., differing igneous compositions). |
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