全球大型油气田的盆地类型与分布规律

本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上，基于世界大型油气田的文献资料及美国地质调查局USGS资料，按照国际上关于原型盆地的经典分类方案，将世界上877个大型油气田及其赋存的153个主要含油气盆地进行重新梳理，构建4幅不同盆地分类方案的全球主要含油气盆地和大油气田分布图及其8幅盆地类型与大型油气田对比关系直方图，明确了全球大型油气田主要赋存的盆地类型及其分布规律，进而比较分析不同原型盆地分类方案对大型油气田分布规律的影响。同时，考虑这些盆地经历复杂构造演化的历史及其与油气成藏的关系，尝试以盆地构造性质的转换或继承关系为主线，进行叠合盆地分类。分类统计结果表明，从叠合盆地类型来看，正反转盆地最有利于大型油气田的形成和发育，继承裂谷盆地和继承前陆盆地居其次，负反转盆地一般不利于形成大型油气田。

Basin Types and Distribution of the Global Giant Oil and Gas Fields

After summarizing previous research material of global giant oil and gas fields, the USGS data, and typical proto-type basinal classification schemes, we classify the world’s 877 giant oil and gas fields and 153 main basins in which they are located. In  this paper, we present  four maps and eight statistical histograms showing distributions of giant oil and gas  fields and basins based on different basinal classification schemes. Basin types and distribution of global giant oil and gas fields are identified, and then  the effects of different proto-type basin categories on  the distribution of giant oil and gas  fields are discussed. At  the same time, considering the complex tectonic evolution of basins as well as their association with hydrocarbon accumulation, we attempt to classify superimposed basins according to their tectonic transformation or inheritance characteristics. Our results indicate that basins with positive inversion features are optimum for the formation of giant oil and gas fields; successor rift basins and successor foreland basins are less prominent, leaving negative inversion basin type to the least option.