基于震害资料的西藏地区典型民居易损性分析

我国的地震大多发生在农村地区，当地民居的抗震能力是评估地震灾害风险、确定地震保险方案的主要因素。本文基于近2000年以来西藏地区发生破坏性地震灾害的调查结果，总结了西藏地区土木结构和石木结构等民居的主要震害特点。在实际震例中，西藏民居的震害主要以Ⅵ度和Ⅶ度的数据为主，缺少Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ度的震害数据。本文采用经验震害矩阵推演方法，得出石木结构和土木结构震害矩阵和震害指数，并与未设防砖混结构标准震害矩阵和设防砖混结构震害矩阵震害指数进行对比，最终得到西藏地区主要民居震害指数与峰值加速度关系曲线。与未设防砖混结构相比，西藏地区石木结构和土木结构抗震能力较弱，其中土木结构抗震能力最弱。

Vulnerability Analysis of Typical Dwellings in Tibet Based on Earthquake Damage Data

Most earthquakes in China occur in vast rural areas, and the seismic capacity of local dwellings is a major factor in assessing the risk of seismic hazards and determining earthquake insurance schemes. This paper summarizes the main characteristics of seismic damage of residential dwellings in Tibetan areas, such as civil and stone structures, based on the results of destructive seismic hazard surveys that have occurred in Tibetan areas since the last 2000 years. In the actual earthquake cases, the seismic damage of Tibetan dwellings is mainly based on the data of VI and VII degrees, and the data of VIII, IX and X degrees are missing. In this paper, we used the empirical damage matrix derivation method to derive the damage matrices and damage indices for stone and wood structures and civil structures, and compared them with the standard damage matrices for unprotected brick and mortar structures and the damage indices for protected brick and mortar structures, and finally obtained the relationship curves between the damage indices and peak accelerations for the major residential houses in Tibet. Compared with the unprotected brick-and-mortar structures, the seismic resistance of stone and wood structures in Tibetan area is weaker, and among them, the seismic resistance of wood structures is the weakest.