基于GIS/RS的南方丘陵区农村水资源系统脆弱性评价——以衡阳盆地为例

采用GIS/RS的方法,以衡阳盆地为研究对象,构建由年降水量,少雨期干旱指数,坡度指数,土壤蓄水能力指数,植被覆盖指数,土地利用指数,水源可获得性指数和人类活动指数8个具体指标组成的基于GIS/RS方法的水资源脆弱性评价指标体系,对衡阳盆地农村水资源脆弱性进行定量评价。结果表明,衡阳盆地农村水资源系统脆弱度的空间分布总体表现为“南北低、中间高”的分布态势,北部的衡阳县、西部的祁东县和中部的衡南县是全区水资源脆弱性最高区域,而南部的常宁、耒阳和东北的衡东县是全区水资源脆弱性低值区。基于GIS/RS的水资源脆弱性评价方法与传统研究方法所得结果具有较好的相似性,但是,相对于传统的评价方法,GIS方法的评价结果更为细致和精确。

Evaluation of Water Resources System Vulnerability in Southern Hilly Rural Region Based on the GIS/RS Take Hengyang Basin as an Example

The traditional econometric model is mostly utilized in water resources vulnerability assessment field. In recent years, the author and his research teams have studied the water resources vulnerability problem in Hengyang Basin using the traditional method. In order to explore better water resources vulnerability quantitative assessment method, in this article, GIS and RS technology was used to evaluated the vulnerability of water resources system in Hengyang Basin. Using GIS/RS method, take Hengyang Basin as the research region, construct a water resource vulnerability evaluation index system based on GIS and RS which contains natural vulnerability (NV), human vulnerability (HV) and burden vulnerability (BV) three aspects and include average precipitation, drought index during 7-9, slope index, soil water storage ability index, vegetation index, land use index, water availability index and human activity index 8 specific index. The index system has great differences to the indicator system of the traditional method. Firstly, use the human activity index to replace the series of index in original social and economic aspects of the traditional method. Secondly, increase water resources availability index and land use index to replace series of indicators about artificial vulnerability index in traditional method. Eight thematic data layers were generated after index data digitization and layer edit processing. Water resource vulnerability of Hengyang Basin was calculated using the spatial analysis model. The results show that water resources system vulnerability space distribution shows the situation of "north and south low, middle high", Hengyang in the north, Qidong in the west and Hengnan in the centeris the highest water resource vulnerability areas. And LeiYang in the sourth, and Hengdong in the northeastis the water resource vulnerability low value areas. The evaluation results have good similarity between water resource vulnerability evaluation method based on the GIS/RS and the traditional research method. However, compared with the traditional evaluation method, the results of the evaluation of GIS method was more detailed and accurate. and this method has a larger advantage in data processing, once regional related indicators database was established, evaluation process will become very convenient and easy. At the same time, this method has the advantages of vulnerability dynamic change assessment because of many indexes data can get from the remote sensing image, which is easy to obtain the dynamic changes of the regional water resource vulnerability in the different periods. The research shows that the GIS/RS method in water vulnerability assessment has better reliability. Therefore, the method based on GIS and RS is the important development trend of the regional water resource vulnerability assessment.