细菌膜囊泡在海洋生态系统中的研究现状及展望

膜囊泡是一类由细菌释放并携带复杂蛋白质、核酸、信号分子等重要信息物质的生物纳米颗粒，参与了水平基因转移、群体感应、生物膜形成等多种生理生化活动。海洋中的细胞膜囊泡可能是除噬菌体和细菌之外的第三大生物实体，其介导的跨越物种的细胞间通讯对海洋生态系统而言有重要意义。然而，我们对膜囊泡在海洋生物圈中具体的生态角色与生物功能所知甚少。因此，本综述从细菌膜囊泡在海洋微生态、海洋共生体系中的作用及其物质流转对生态系统的影响等方面开展讨论，分析了目前细菌膜囊泡在海洋生态功能研究中尚未解决的科学问题，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

Progress and prospect of bacterial membrane vesicles in marine ecosystem

Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs), which are a kind of biological nanoparticles carrying proteins, nucleic acids, signaling molecules, and other important compounds, are involved in a variety of physiological and biochemical processes, such as horizontal gene transfer, quorum sensing, biofilm formation and so on. Studies showed that marine extracellular vesicles might be the third largest biological entity except for phages and bacteria. Besides, MVs-mediated intercellular communication across species could be of great significance to marine ecosystems. However, very little is known about the specific ecological role and biological function of MVs in the marine biosphere. In this review, we discuss the role of bacterial MVs in marine micro-ecology, marine symbiotic system, and the impact of MVs-mediated material delivery on marine ecosystem. Meanwhile, we also put forward some questions and opinions for study in marine bacterial MVs’ research.