南极斯科舍海涡旋分布及其内部水文结构特征分析

南大洋涡旋在跨锋面物质热量输送方面具有重要作用，斯科舍海位于德雷克海峡东面，属于重要的经济渔区，因此针对斯科舍海的涡旋分布及其影响进行研究具有迫切意义。本文基于2005–2019年卫星遥感数据对斯科舍海涡旋进行了探测与追踪，并统计了涡旋半径、传播距离、生命周期等特征参数，分析涡旋的地理分布特点、涡旋跨锋面情况以及移动特性，同时结合剖面数据分析了该海域涡旋内部水文特性。结果显示，该海域近92%的涡旋均为生命周期小于30 d的短寿命涡旋，平均半径集中在10～30 km之间。涡旋产生地主要集中在斯科舍海中部的极锋（PF）、南极绕极流南锋（SACCF）和亚南极锋（SAF）附近水深为3 000～5 000 m的海域。受斯科舍海海底山脊的阻碍作用，涡动能（EKE）高值聚集在PF和SAF之间，并在2016年之后达到显著正异常。跨PF和SACCF锋面的涡旋中，低纬向涡旋数量占主导，其中以气旋式涡旋居多。在高纬向涡旋中反气旋式涡旋占主导。涡旋内部水文结构显示，冷涡内部次表层相对低温低盐，与高纬水团特征一致；暖涡内部次表层相对高温高盐。推测冷涡可能携带高纬海域水体向低纬移动，暖涡可能携带低纬海水向高纬移动。本研究为进一步理解斯科舍海涡旋特性及其在该海域物质能量运输上的作用研究提供了基础支撑。

Distribution and the internal hydrographic characteristics of eddies in the Scotia Sea,Antarctica

Eddies in the Southern Ocean play a critical role in transporting material and heat across fronts. Scotia Sea is located downstream of the Drake Passage and is an important economic fishery area, hence study on the distribution and role of eddies in this region is of urgent importance. Based on satellite remote sensing data from 2005 to 2019, the characteristics of eddies are statistically calculated, including radius, propagation distance, and lifespan. Their spatial distribution, cross-front movement, and movement characteristics are also analyzed. Meanwhile, the internal hydrographic characteristics of eddies are analyzed based on profile data. Results show that about 92% of eddies have a lifespan shorter than 30 d, with an average radius between 10 km and 30 km. The generating location of eddies are mainly near Polar Front (PF), Southern ACC Front (SACCF), and Sub-antarctic Front (SAF), corresponding to the bottom depth ranging 3 000 m to 5 000 m. Large values of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) concentrate between PF and SAF due to the obstruction of the submarine ridges, and EKE reaches a significant positive anomaly after 2016. The number of equator-ward eddies is dominant in the eddies across PF and SACCF, with most being cyclonic eddies. Anticyclonic eddies are dominant in poleward eddies. The internal hydrographic structures of eddies show that temperature and salinity are relatively low in the subsurface layer of the cold eddies, consistent with the characteristics of water masses at high latitudes. While they are relatively high in the subsurface layer of the warm eddies. It suggests that cold eddies may carry water from high latitudes to low latitudes and warm eddies may carry seawater from low latitudes to high latitudes. This study provides a basis for further understanding of the characteristics of eddies in the Scotia Sea and their effects on the distribution of biological populations and material and energy transport.