内蒙古牧区矿产开发模式选择的思路探讨

内蒙古牧区能矿资源富集, 生态环境敏感脆弱。国家“能源安全”战略要求大规模开发利用煤炭资源的地域分工与国家“生态安全”战略要求保护生态环境保护之间存在尖锐的矛盾。解决好这一矛盾, 对我国西部生态敏感区的矿产资源合理开发利用和生态环境保护具有重要意义。对生态敏感的煤炭富集区应基于区域发展的空间均衡这一视角, 选择合理的开发模式。其分析思路为:首先, 选择典型煤炭资源开发区域, 对开发空间与生态空间的空间耦合关系进行分析, 通过比较空间耦合类型, 揭示空间失衡点, 并分析空间失衡原因。其次, 构建指标体系, 构造矩阵, 对区域空间供给能力进行分区。最后, 综合空间失衡原因、空间供给能力分区以及资源开发与生态保护的需求因素, 提出区域发展的空间均衡模式与对策。

On the Decision-making of Mineral Resource Development Models in the Inner Mongolia Grazing Areas

Inner Mongolia grazing areas are rich in mineral resources, but the ecological environment is sensitive and fragile. The national strategy of "energy security" necessitates large-scale development and utilization of coal resources, but at the same time the strategy of“ecological security”demands ecological and environmental protection, causing the conflict between development and protection in the areas. Resolving this conflict is of practical importance and profound significance for the mineral resource development and environment protection in the ecologically sensitive areas of western China. This paper argues that the coal-rich and ecologically sensitive areas need to be analyzed from the perspective of spatial balance, and a model of development is chosen accordingly. The thought process for choosing a model of development should be: First, select a typical area of coal resource development, analyze the spatially coupling relationship between the developmental areas and ecological areas, reveal the spatial imbalance by comparing the spatial coupling types, and explore the reasons for the spatial imbalance. Second, build index system and structural matrix, and categorize the supply capacity of the areas. Finally, taking together the reasons for spatial imbalance, categorization of the areas’supply capacities, and demands for resource development and ecological protection, propose a model of spatial balance and necessary countermeasures for the regional development.