基于PSR模型的农区土地利用冲突强度的诊断

随着工业化、城镇化进程的加快,农村土地利用冲突越来越多,分析不同农区土地利用冲突的形式,评估土地利用冲突的强度,对农村发展具有重要意义.本文采用相关分析、主成分分析的方法,从引起鄢陵县耕地利用变化的32 个因子中,提取了6 个主要压力因子,根据鄢陵土地利用结构变化情况和区域政策、制度及其社会响应状况,建立特色农区土地利用冲突强度的评价指标体系,用加权函数法进行冲突强度的评价.研究表明,土地利用冲突强度呈波动增加趋势;土地利用冲突的原因主要是：①经济发展及经济结构调整因素;②农业种植结构的调整;③科技进步以及政策等因素的影响.因此,政府可通过市场手段、规划制度等进行调控,提高区域土地资源的配置效率,引导土地利用方式的规范转化,以减缓或化解土地利用冲突.

Diagnosis Based on the PSR Model of Rural Land-use Conflicts Intensity

With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, rural land-use conflict has become more frequent. It is of great significance to rural development to analyze the forms of land-use conflict and assess its intensity in different rural areas. This paper presents the studies in the distinctive rural areas of Yanling County from 1990 to 2010. Using correlation analysis and principal component analysis, among the 32 driving factors in the categories of population, social economy and agriculture intensification that cause the changes of arable land-use in Yanling County, 6 major factors are identified. Based on the studies of structural changes of land-use as well as municipal policies and regulations and their effects on the social and ecological environment, an indicator system is established, and the intensity of the land-use conflict is evaluated by using Pressure-State-Response Index of Land-use (ILU). The results show that the pressure on land-use is increasing on yearly basis, the state is deteriorating, and the response is gradually strengthened. Overall, the intensity of land-use conflict in Yanling County has increased from 1990 to 2010. The three major causes for the intensified land-use conflict are as follows: (1) economic development and changes of economic structures. Increase of farmers’income brings changes to way of life and means of work, which in turn affects the composition of workforce and the choice of occupation, and then changes land-use and causes dramatic changes to the industrial structures of Yanling County, leading to intensified conflicts between arable land and construction land, and between arable land and forest land. (2) Changes of agricultural activities. The industrialization of flower and livestock business provides more economic benefits to rural households, constantly drives changes and adjustments in the structure of agricultural activities, and causes land-use conflicts. However, obviously the small business of family-owned contract service conflicts the large-scale operation required by modern agriculture. (3) Influences of the development in science and technology and the government policies, etc. Government policies serve to attenuate the land-use conflicts to some extent. From the conflict management perspective, we propose that government can regulate land-use by utilizing the self-adjustment mechanism of the market and reinforcing the policies on planning. Land-use conflict can be prevented or minimized by improving the effectiveness of land-use through multipurpose planning and balancing, and by standardizing the better ways to use the land.