吉林省中部地区中心地空间关系分析

利用分形理论中的回旋半径法分别对吉林省中部地区4 个级别的中心地进行分维测算和分析, 得到不同级别中心地的不同结构特征:一级中心地长春市功能和地位明确、稳定, 二级中心地等级模糊且功能缺失, 三级中心地结构紧致合理, 四级中心地量大但联系松散。进一步通过空间构图的方式, 以城镇居民点矢量化数据为基础, 构建吉林省中部地区中心地原始空间图景, 通过对原始图景的修补和模型抽象化处理, 得出结构相对完整的中心地六边形网络体系。进而将其与传统中心地模式进行对比分析可以看出, 修补之后的吉林省中部地区中心地属于克里斯塔勒K=3 体系。但是从现实发展来看, 吉林省中部地区形成合理的中心地体系, 需要加快部分三级中心地的发展, 并促其部分升级为二级中心地, 解决区内二级中心地空间缺失问题;同时, 还须解决四级中心地结构松散问题。

Spatial Relationships Between Central Places in the Central Region of Jilin

As the most dynamic and potentially the core region, central Jilin plays a vital role in the distribution of productive forces for future economic development of Jilin province. It is important to organize the central urban agglomerations in a more rational way. This paper presents a futuristic view of the central urban agglomerations and control structures by using Central Place Theory as a work hypothesis and Fractal Theory as a quantification tool. Fractal theory is an excellent tool to study the mathematical rules of random aggregation and physical mechanism of urban spatial expansion in the systems of cities and townships. In this study, swing radius method is used to measure the fractal dimensions of the central places at four levels in the central region of Jilin province, with Changchun city as the first level city at the center. The fractal dimensions are calculated as follows: D=2.342 as the second level, 1.842 as the third level, 1.026 (for Changling system) and 1.212 (for Jiaohe system) as the fourth level. Analysis of the fractal dimensions suggests that the three levels of central places have different structural characteristics. The second level central places don’t have clear functions and are nearly nonexistent, because they are either shadowed and inhibited by Changchun city, or functionally substituted by the third level central places. By contrast, the third level central places show well-defined identities with clear boundaries. The fourth level central places are spatially scattered and their development is directly impacted by the natural environment. Based on the Vector data of settlements in the central region of Jilin, the original view of the places’hierarchy in the central region of Jilin is reconstituted by using the rules of space and composition, and a hexagonal network is completed through patching and abstracting. Based on the space compositions, the central region of Jilin appears to belong to K=3 system (the marketing principle in Christ?ller’s Central Place Theory). It differs, however, from a conventional K=3 system. With regard to the establishment of a balanced and optimized system of cities and townships in the central region of Jilin, the development of certain third level central places needs to be facilitated in order for them to be upgraded to the second level, and the problem of scattered distribution of fourth level central places needs to be solved.