磴口县景观格局演变特征及生态网络构建

城市生态基础设施是城市可持续发展的基础，西部干旱区生态脆弱性大，县域尺度的生态基础设施网络是保证干旱区城市稳定与发展的重要保障。在快速城市化的背景下，选择西部典型生态脆弱区磴口县为研究区，运用景观格局指数、景观转移网络及核密度分析等方法，分析景观格局演变，在此基础上确定生态源地并分级，基于Cost Path模型提取生态廊道与生态节点，构建城市化背景下基于景观格局演变的磴口县生态基础设施网络。结果表明：2014年磴口县域景观破碎化程度高，景观生态流流动性差，城市与建设用地、荒漠灌木林地、耕地、沙漠之间的转移情况决定了磴口县整体景观变化的特征，2001-2014年共存在28种景观转移关系；基于Cost Path模型构建的县域尺度生态基础设施优化网络共包含391块生态源地、47 466条生态廊道和799个生态节点。针对干旱区构建的县域尺度的城区防护型生态网络，能够为磴口县城市化发展提供重要保障，对干旱区城市生态规划具有重要的参考价值。

The Evolution of Landscape Pattern and the Construction of Ecological Infrastructure Network in Dengkou,Inner Mongolia,China

Urban ecological infrastructure is the foundation of urban sustainable development. The ecology of arid area in West China is very fragile. The ecological infrastructure network of county scale is significant to ensure the stable development in the arid area. Under the background of rapid urbanization, Dengkou County, the typical ecological fragile zone in West China, was chosen as the study area. Landscape pattern index, landscape transfer network and kernel density mapping were used to analyze the landscape pattern evolution of the county. Then the ecological resources were identified and classified, and ecological corridors and ecological nodes were identified based on the Cost Path model. In addition, the urban ecological infrastructure network in the county scale was developed. The results show that the landscape of the county in 2014 was immensely damaged, and the ecological flow of landscape was poor. The transfer between urban/construction land, desert shrub land, farmland and desert determines the characteristics of the whole landscape changes in Dengkou County. There were totally 28 kinds of transfer relations during the 14 years. The optimization network of ecological infrastructure in county scale based on the Cost Path model is consisted of 391 ecological resources, 47 466 ecological corridors and 799 ecological nodes. The ecological infrastructure optimization network constructed for Dengkou County at the arid area is an important guarantee for the development and urbanization of the county, and is of significance for the ecological planning in arid area.