长江上游丘陵区社会经济实力与坡耕地治理--以四川省中江县为例

以长江上游丘陵区重点水土流失区内的四川省中江县为例，借助GIS技术，分析了坡度和水土流失约束下的耕地状况，选取农民人均纯收入、人均粮食产量和人均GDP作为评价指标，以乡为评价单元，进行了坡耕地治理的社会经济实力综合评价，进而探讨了坡耕地治理的相关措施。分值在80～100间的乡镇应以大规模的改造坡耕地(坡改梯)、建设基本农田为突破口，为解决粮食问题和实现陡坡地退耕创造条件，退耕还林还草应将经济效益、生态效益和社会效益融于一体。分值在65-80间的乡镇应结合坡耕地综合治理和基本农田建设，发展生态农业，逐步实施退耕还林。分值在0～65间的乡镇应注重陡坡耕地水土流失的防治和土地利用技术的应用。不宜近期退耕。此外，通过加强农村居民点整理增加耕地，可在一定程度上解决陡坡退耕带来的粮食问题，为退耕还林还草、防治水土流失工作的顺利开展提供保障。

Socio-Economic Ability and Sloping Farmland Improvement of Hilly Land in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze:A Case Study of Zhongjiang County, Sichuan Province

Taking Zhongjiang county of Sichuan province located in the areas with severe soil and water loss in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example, sloping farmland under the restriction of gradient and soil and water loss is analyzed by using GIS technology, and integrated evaluation of socio-economic ability to improve sloping farmland in Zhongjiang county is carried out in this paper. Then, some measures to improve sloping farmland and control soil and water loss are put forward.Conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) Villages and towns with values between 80 and 100, in which should reconstruct sloping farmland (changing sloping farmland to terrace) in large area, and construct basic agricultural land, so as to ensure the progress of returning farmland to forests or grassland, and mitigate issues of grain short. However, returning farmland to forests or grassland should harmonize economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit. (2) In villages and towns with values between 65 and 80, it is necessary to develop ecological agriculture combining integratedly improving steep farmland and constructing basic agricultural land, and gradually return farmland to forests or grassland. (3) In villages and towns with values between 0 and 65, local people should pay more attention to the control of soil and water loss in steep farmland by applying concerning technologies. It is unwise return farmland to forests or grassland in the near future. Furthermore, carrying out rural housing land consolidation to increase farmland can also ensure the progress of returning farmland to forests or grassland.