水库型滑坡模型试验相似材料的研制及应用

相似材料的研制是滑坡模型试验的关键。在相似材料的研究基础上，通过大量的配比试验，结合模糊综合评价法对不同配比材料的相似性进行比较，研制出同时模拟物理力学性能相似和渗流作用相似的水库型滑坡相似材料，这种材料由标准砂、滑体土、膨润土和水溶液混合而成。同时通过库水作用下滑坡模型试验评价该材料的相似效果，记录水位升降过程中坡内的孔隙水压力变化、渗流变化、滑面形态及裂缝形成发展过程。试验结果表明，库水对岩土体物理力学性质的弱化和坡内指向临空面的渗透压力是滑坡产生的主要诱发因素；水库型滑坡的破坏模式为有多级滑面的牵引式破坏；试验观测的浸润线与理论计算结果基本吻合。该相似材料的物理力学性能和渗流效果均能达到试验相似要求，模拟库水作用下滑坡变形破坏过程的效果良好，是一种比较理想的水库型滑坡模型相似材料。研究结果为进一步开展大型水库型滑坡模型试验提供了科学依据。

Development and application of similar material for reservoir landslide model test

The similar material is a key to landslide model test. Based on previous studies of similar material, combined with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, a similar material for reservoir landslide model test has been developed through various trial of recipe. The similar material can simulate the similarity both physical and mechanical properties and seepage behavior. The similar material is mixed with standard sand, sliding mass soil, bentonite and water solution. A laboratory landslide model test was performed to verify the similarity of the similar material. The variations of the pore-water pressure, seepage, slipping surfaces and development process of cracks were recorded during the fluctuation of reservoir water level. The model test results indicated that weakening process of water and seepage force point to the free face are the main factors for landslides. The failure mode during rapid drawdown of water level was the multiple retrogressive mode. The seepage path is consistent with theoretical calculation during the fluctuation of reservoir water level. It is an ideal similar material for reservoir landslide model which can generate the similar result of landslide deformation and failure process effect of reservoir water level. And its physical and mechanical characteristics and seepage behavior have met the test similar requirements. The experimental results can provide scientific support to large-scale landslide model test study.