极端高温事件对城市用水量和供水管网系统的影响

频发的极端高温事件将导致城市用水量增长,增加城市供水设施的运行风险。综合采用气候相似性、终端用水模拟、供水管网系统水力学模拟等方法,构建了极端高温事件对城市用水量及供水管网系统影响的定量评估方法。以北京某新城区为研究案例,模拟结果表明极端高温事件将使日用水量较夏季常态增加5.7%,人均日用水量增加19.83 L,其中早晚用水高峰时段增幅较大,导致供水管网系统中不能满足28 m水头要求的节点比例增加了约13个百分点。

Impact assessment of high temperature extremes on urban water demand and water distribution systems

More frequent high temperature extremes caused by climate change may significantly increase urban water demand and consequently the vulnerability of urban water distribution systems (WDSs). A methodology was developed to quantify the impact of high temperature extremes on urban water demand and WDSs by integrating the methods of climate analogy, end use modeling and WDS hydraulic simulation. A case study on a new development area in Beijing showed that high temperature extremes could lead to an increase in total water demand by 5.7%, equivalent to an increase in per capita daily water demand by 19.83 L, as compared with normal summer. Furthermore, significant increases in water demand were found during morning and evening peak hours, which caused the failure of another 13 percentage points nodes of the WDS to meet the pressure requirement of 28 m.