潮滩围垦对海岸环境的影响研究进展

潮滩围垦是沿海国家拓展陆域, 缓解人地矛盾的最主要方式之一。潮滩围垦通过对潮滩高 程、水沙动力条件、沉积物特征等多种环境因子的改变, 促进生物演替, 并通过垦区土地的人为利 用, 对海岸环境演变产生重要影响。文章从围垦工程对水沙环境的影响、围垦对海岸带物质循环 的影响、围垦对潮滩生物生态学的影响和盐沼恢复与生态重建等4 方面探讨了不同学科学者对 围垦环境影响的主要研究进展及存在的问题, 并指出应加强多学科合作的综合研究, 探讨潮滩围 垦对海岸环境的影响机制, 以寻求兼顾围垦土地需求与海岸带生态保护的持续发展之路。

Progr ess on environmental effects of tidal flat r eclamation

Reclamation of tidal flat is one of the dominating methods for coastal countries to colonize territory and reconcile conflict between human and environment.The reclamation of tidal flat will decline the elevation of tidal flat,alter hydrodynamic processes and suspended sediment transport,reconstruct characteristic of sediment,and so on.So the vegetation community presents secondary succession and the flat which have been reclaimed will become artificial environment.Based on review of the international phylogeny of reclamation,this article probed into the influence of reclamation on coastal zone from four aspects: hydrodynamic processes and suspended sediment transport on tidal flat,geo-biological cycle of substances on coastal zone,ecology of botany and zoology on tidal flat,and salt marsh restoration and ecological reconstruction.Then the authors point out the difficulties,the shortages and main problems existing in the study.Finally,the article puts forward that special attention should be paid to multi-subject integrated research on environmental effects of tidal flat reclamation,especially,the changes of hydrological,sediment,soil characteristic of and function of coastal ecological system after reclamation.It should be based on comprehensive analysis of natural and artificial succession of coastal zone to investigate evolutional mechanism of coastal zone system which is influenced by reclamation and to seek sustainable utilization of coastal zone that considers both land demand and coastal environment preservation.