石羊河流域水资源利用和生态环境保护对策

石羊河流域是我各国西北干旱地区的一个重要流域,由于流域水资源的过度开发利用与不合理配置,造成下游地区植被衰败,沙漠化问题十分突出,流域整治和生态环境保护迫在眉睫。本文通过对石羊河流域水资源利用、地下水位下降、土壤盐渍化、植被衰退和土地沙漠化之间的相互作用关系的分析,提出了保证石羊河流域生态用水以防止生态环境劣变和促进流域生态系统良性循环的水资源管理的具体对策建议。

Countermeasures of water resources utilization and ecological protection of Shiyang River Basin

Shiyang River Basin is one of important river basins in northwest China.It support s the human living and warefare of relevant four cities and nine counties.However,with the over-utilization of water resources and irrational water allocation,the ecological issues are very serious,in particular serious vegetation degradation and desertification in the lower reaches.Especially,the Minqin Oasis,a fertile desert oasis lying at the arid lower reach of Shiyang River Basin in Northwest China for more than two thousand years,is now facing the challenge of disappearance due to the encroachment of surrounding deserts.This paper explores the essential relationships among human water utilization,falling groundwater table,soil salinization,vegetation degradation,and land desertification in the basin.Based on an analysis of the interactions between human activity,water resources utilization and the eco-environment,this paper puts forward recommendations for achieving rational water utilization and forestalling the eco-environmental deterioration in this area.These recommendations include mainly eco-environmental water allocation,setting up critical groundwater depth as an indicator for sustainability of eco-environment,and water demand management approaches including integrated development of surface and ground waters,improvement in water use efficiency and economic tools in regulating water consumption and enforcing water saving activities.