基于ALOS数据的浑善达克沙质草地风蚀坑空间格局及特征分析

以2008年的ALOS卫星多光谱波段（空间分辨率10 m）和全色波段（空间分辨率2.5 m）融合后的影像数据及地面调查数据为数据源，借助ArcGIS和Fragstats3.3软件，采用景观格局指数方法，从类型和斑块水平上定量分析了浑善达克沙质草地风蚀坑的空间格局和特征。结果表明，浑善达克沙质草地风蚀坑面积占景观面积的6.1%，密度为0.026个·hm-2，分布范围广且呈局部聚集分布;根据不同发育阶段，风蚀坑形状分为碟形、椭圆形、槽形和不规则形;风蚀坑斑块面积与形状指数、分维数之间存在显著正相关关系，面积的增加，可使风蚀坑形状复杂化趋势明显。复杂形状风蚀坑主要由若干个独立的风蚀坑扩大并联结形成;相对于宽度与深度，风蚀坑面积与长度间存在更显著正相关;浑善达克沙质草地风力侵蚀基准面较高，风蚀坑深度一般不超过5 m;风蚀坑长度与宽度之间、宽度与深度之间存在相互制约关系。

Analysis on Spatial Pattern of Blowouts in Otindag Sandy Grassland Based on ALOS Data

Based on ground survey information and fusion data of high-resolution multi-spectral band (10 m spatial resolution) and panchromatic band (2.5 m spatial resolution) of ALOS satellite images, we quantitatively analyzed the spatial pattern characteristics of blowouts in Otindag sandy grassland using ArcGIS and Fragstats 3.3 software. Results showed that: (1) The blowouts area accounted for 6.1% of the studied area, and the density was 0.026 per hectare, they distributed widely and aggregated in local; (2) According to the different developmental stages, the shapes of the blowouts could be divided into saucer, oval-shaped, groove and irregular shaped; (3) The relationship was significantly positive between patch area and patch shape index and patch fractal dimension respectively, and blowouts with complex shapes was formed by a number of independent blowouts; (4) Compared with blowout width and depth, the relationship between area and length was more significant; (5) Wind erosion base level was high, and the depth of the blowouts was no more than 5 m; (6) The parameters length-width and width-depth were mutually affected.