吉林省德惠市土壤特性空间变异特征与格局

基于区变量理论，通过地统计学的半变异函数定量研究吉林省中部德惠市土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾和速效磷的空间异质性特征。表明土壤有机质的理论模型属于球状模型、全氮和速效钾的理论模型为指数模型、速效磷则属于有基台值的线状模型。空间结构上，有机质具有很强的空间相关性，全氮和速效钾的空间相关性属于中等程度，而速效磷则具有弱相关性。四种土壤养分的空间自相关范围具有明显的差异，有机质和全氮的有效变程最大，速效钾次之，速效磷的有效变程最小。受研究区形状、地形及土壤母质区域性差异的影响，速效磷各向同性显著，其他养分各向带状性比较明显。根据空间分异的分析结果，在GIS支持下，采用Kriging和IDW两种插值方法，分析研究区土壤养分的空间格局，表明土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾均自东北向西南有规律地分布；速效磷分布的随机性较强，较前三者结构性特征不明显。

Spatial Variability and Pattern Analysis of Soil Properties in Dehui City of Jilin Province

Based on regionalized variable theory, semivariograms of geo-statistics were used to research the spatial variability of soil properties quantificationally. The results showed that the semivariograms of soil organic matter were best described by spherical model, the best model for semivariograms of soil N and available K were exponential model and that of available P belongs to linear with sill model. Those soil properties have different spatial correlations respectively, the range of organic matter is the highest and that of available P is the lowest, and the spatial correlation of N and available K belongs to moderate class. Their spatial heterogeneity degrees were different too. The degrees of organic matter and total N were the highest, the degree of available K was in the next place and that of available P was the lowest. Influenced by the shape, topography and soil of the study area, all isotropics of available P were obvious in all directions while anisotropics of others were manifested. According to the analytical results, supported by GIS, Kriging and IDW were applied to describe and analyze the spatial distribution of soil properties. The results indicated that soil organic matter, total N and available K were distributed regularly from northeast to southwest, while available P was distributed randomly and its structural characteristics were not so distinctive as those of others.