西北地区矿山泥石流及分布特征

矿山泥石流的形成与发生主要是因山区矿产资源开发过程中废石弃土不合理堆排造成的,以其物质来源亦称矿渣型泥石流。矿山泥石流具有人为性、易发性、重发性、危害集中性、可控性特点。截至2005年底,西北五省区发生矿山泥石流灾害247次,直接经济损失3.84亿元,造成426人死亡。小型泥石流占其总数的73.17%。煤矿区泥石流灾害最为严重。小型企业矿山泥石流总数最多,危害最为严重。1994~1998年、2001~2005年是矿山泥石流的高发时期,其中2004年达45次,为历史之最。年内6~9月是泥石流的高发期,亦是防治重点期。

Mine Debris Flow and Its Distribution in Northwestern China

The mine debris flow is mostly caused by the illogically heaped waste rock and discard soil during exploiting mine resource.It is also called cinder-type debris flow.It has some characters such as men-made come into being,easily startup,repeatedly send up,centrally disservice,controllable and preventable.In the history,there happened two hundred and forty-seven times debris flow disasters in northwestern five provinces which is worthy of economic losses of one hundred and six million and eight hundred and sixty thousand yuan(RMB) and death of four hundred and twenty-six.The small-scale debris flow is 73.17 percent of the total.The coal mine debris flow is the most serious disaster in all mines.The total number of the mine debris flow is the highest,and the harmfulness is the most serious in the small-scale enterprises.From 1994 to 1998 and 2001 to 2005 there is the years of mine debris flow sending out frequently.Among these years,2004 in which there happened debris flows highly to 45 times is the most serious of the history.June to September is the period when debris flow highly send up.So,it is also an important time of prevention and cure of the debris flows.