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Common envelope evolution: where we stand and how we can move forward |
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| Authors: | N Ivanova S Justham X Chen O De Marco C L Fryer E Gaburov H Ge E Glebbeek Z Han X-D Li G Lu T Marsh P Podsiadlowski A Potter N Soker R Taam T M Tauris E P J van den Heuvel R F Webbink |
| Institution: | 1. Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 3E1, Canada 2. National Astronomical Observatories, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 3. Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China 4. National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650011, China 5. Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650011, China 6. Department of Physics & Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia 7. Computational Science Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, CCS-2, MS D409, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA 8. Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA 10. Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 9. Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada 11. Department of Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China 12. National Astronomical Observatories/Urumqi Observatory, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China 13. School of Physics, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China 14. Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK 15. Sub-Department of Astronomy, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK 16. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, The Observatories, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK 17. Department of Physics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel 18. Academia Sinica Institute of Astrophysics and Astronomy-TIARA, P.O. Box 23-141, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan 19. Argelander-Insitut für Astronomie, Universit?t Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121, Bonn, Germany 20. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121, Bonn, Germany 21. Astronomical Institute ‘Anton Pannekoek’, P.O. Box 94249, 1090GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 22. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 W. Green St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA |
| Abstract: | This work aims to present our current best physical understanding of common-envelope evolution (CEE). We highlight areas of consensus and disagreement, and stress ideas which should point the way forward for progress in this important but long-standing and largely unconquered problem. Unusually for CEE-related work, we mostly try to avoid relying on results from population synthesis or observations, in order to avoid potentially being misled by previous misunderstandings. As far as possible we debate all the relevant issues starting from physics alone, all the way from the evolution of the binary system immediately before CEE begins to the processes which might occur just after the ejection of the envelope. In particular, we include extensive discussion about the energy sources and sinks operating in CEE, and hence examine the foundations of the standard energy formalism. Special attention is also given to comparing the results of hydrodynamic simulations from different groups and to discussing the potential effect of initial conditions on the differences in the outcomes. We compare current numerical techniques for the problem of CEE and also whether more appropriate tools could and should be produced (including new formulations of computational hydrodynamics, and attempts to include 3D processes within 1D codes). Finally we explore new ways to link CEE with observations. We compare previous simulations of CEE to the recent outburst from V1309 Sco, and discuss to what extent post-common-envelope binaries and nebulae can provide information, e.g. from binary eccentricities, which is not currently being fully exploited. |
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