共水平轴双叶轮海流机水动力学性能的实验研究

针对水平轴单叶轮海流机在低流速时启动性能差、获能少的缺点,采用共水平轴同向旋转双叶轮水轮机进行了水动力学性能的水槽试验.由实验结果研究了共水平轴单叶轮和双叶轮水轮机的功率特性和启动特性,分析了不同上、下游叶轮安装角和叶轮轴向间距对叶轮启动水流速度以及发电机获得功率的影响,并对单叶轮和双叶轮水轮机的运行情况进行了比较.结果表明,共水平轴双叶轮水轮机的启动水流速度较单叶轮低很多,而且能从水流中获得更多的能量.因此,共水平轴双叶轮水轮机能改进一般水平轴单叶轮水轮机难以启动和获能少的不足,更适合于我国低海流流速的实际海况.

Experimental Study on the Hydrodynamic Performance of the Marine Current Turbines with Co-Horizontal Axis and Double Impellers

In order to offset the drawbacks of poor start performance and low energy acquisition of the marine current turbine with a horizontal axis and a single impeller under the marine circumstance of low current velocity, the marine current turbine with a co-horizontal axis and double impellers which rotate together in the same direction is studied in the tank for obtaining its hydrodynamic performances. From the experiment results, this paper investigates the power and start characteristics of the above-mentioned two marine current turbines, analyzes the effects of different install angles of the upstream and downstream impellers and the axial distance between the impellers on the start current velocity and power obtained, and compares the operating performances of the single-impeller and double-impeller turbines. The results show that the start current velocity of the marine current turbine with co-horizontal axis and double impellers is much lower than that of the marine current turbine with a single impeller and the former can obtain more energy from currents. Therefore, the marine current turbine with a co-horizontal axis and double impellers is able to improve the disadvantages of difficult start and less obtained energy existing in ordinary turbines with a single impeller, and is more suitable for the practical sea states with low current velocity in China.