论大陆岩石圈形成过程中的克拉通化阶段

克拉通化是大陆岩石圈形成和演化中 ,从活动转变到稳定过程中的重要阶段。它的鉴别和正确划出 ,无疑有助于大陆岩石圈形成和演化研究的深入。不仅如此 ,大量研究实践表明 ,克拉通化阶段还提供了形成大规模有用矿产的有利条件 ,往往构成成矿作用高峰期。因此 ,克拉通化阶段的研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。然而 ,长期以来 ,多数学者只认同始于古元古代末、世界上几个主要老地台地区的克拉通化作用。文中通过对文献的分析 ,并结合作者们自己的研究经验 ,回顾了克拉通化有关概念和理论的发生、发展 ,重点探讨显生宙以来形成的新大陆岩石圈的稳定化过程 ;目的是借鉴克拉通化概念和研究问题的思路对碰撞后和陆内阶段的构造岩浆作用的规律做一讨论。笔者认为 ,克拉通化作用的第一阶段 (碰撞后阶段 )仍继续碰撞阶段板块相互作用的方式和运动学特征 ,继承碰撞阶段的区域构造格局 ;第二阶段 (板内阶段 )则出现新的构造格局 ,深部地质作用的重要性也越来越增加了。

THE STAGE OF CRATONIZATION IN THE FORMATION OF CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE

Cratonization is a very important stage in the formation, evolution and stabilization of the continental lithosphere. Correctly discriminating and differentiating the cratonization will help us to deeply understand the formation and evolution of the continental lithosphere. Moreover, a host of research practices showed that the stage of cratonization provided favorable conditions for the formation of mineral products of huge size. Thus, the study of the stage of cratonization is of great theoretical and practical significance. For a long time past, however, many scientists only approved the cratonization that began their developments in several main platforms in the last stage of the Paleoproterozoic. This paper reviews the appearance and the development of the conception and theory of the cratonization through the analyses of limited literatures and in the light of our own experience, and emphatically inquires into the process of stabilization of new continental lithosphere in the Phanerozoic eon. The aim of this paper is to approach the rules of tectonomagmatic actions after the collision and in the intercontinental stage on the basis of the conception of the cratonization. We consider that new continental lithosphere do not all transform into craton. The first stage of cratonization (the stage of post-collision) still belongs to the process of plate tectonics. The second stage of cratonization (the stage of intraplate) is controlled by new tectonic process, and is mainly a deep geological process.