National indicators for observing ecosystem service change |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;2. The Nature Conservancy, 1107 Laurel Ave., Felton, CA 95018, USA;3. Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany;4. Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;5. NCEAS, 735 State St., Santa Barabara, CA 93101, USA;6. Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Rd., Ascot, UK;7. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research e. V. (PIK), Telegrafenberg A31, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany;8. Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany;9. Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée, Bât. Villemin, BP 80, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France;10. Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;11. Department of Applied Economics/Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;12. Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, D-14195 Berlin, Germany;13. CSIRO Agriculture, 306 Carmody Road, 4067 St.Lucia, QLD, Australia;14. The Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;1. School of Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China;2. University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China;3. Center for Forecasting Science, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;1. Institute of Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany;2. Chemistry Department, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA;3. Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;1. University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany;2. Oerlikon Advanced Technologies AG, Iramali 18, 9496 Balzers, Liechtenstein;3. University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary;4. Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques, Heidenhofstraße 8, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;1. Alberta Environment and Parks, 3535 Research Rd NW, Calgary, Alberta T2L 2K8, Canada;2. Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;3. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;1. Ecodynamics Group, Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Pian dei Mantellini 44, 53100 Siena, Italy;2. Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College, University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland;3. Department of Economics & Statistics, University of Siena, Piazza San Francesco 7, 53100 Siena, Italy;4. Department of Business and Quantitative Studies, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Generale Parisi 13, 80132 Naples, Italy;5. Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Denver, 2199 S. University Blvd, Denver, CO 80208, United States;6. School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Earth’s life-support systems are in rapid decline, yet we have few metrics or indicators with which to track these changes. The world’s governments are calling for biodiversity and ecosystem-service monitoring to guide and evaluate international conservation policy as well as to incorporate natural capital into their national accounts. The Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON) has been tasked with setting up this monitoring system. Here we explore the immediate feasibility of creating a global ecosystem-service monitoring platform under the GEO BON framework through combining data from national statistics, global vegetation models, and production function models. We found that nine ecosystem services could be annually reported at a national scale in the short term: carbon sequestration, water supply for hydropower, and non-fisheries marine products, crop, livestock, game meat, fisheries, mariculture, and timber production. Reported changes in service delivery over time reflected ecological shocks (e.g., droughts and disease outbreaks), highlighting the immediate utility of this monitoring system. Our work also identified three opportunities for creating a more comprehensive monitoring system. First, investing in input data for ecological process models (e.g., global land-use maps) would allow many more regulating services to be monitored. Currently, only 1 of 9 services that can be reported is a regulating service. Second, household surveys and censuses could help evaluate how nature affects people and provides non-monetary benefits. Finally, to forecast the sustainability of service delivery, research efforts could focus on calculating the total remaining biophysical stocks of provisioning services. Regardless, we demonstrated that a preliminary ecosystem-service monitoring platform is immediately feasible. With sufficient international investment, the platform could evolve further into a much-needed system to track changes in our planet's life-support systems. |
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| Keywords: | Ecosystem services GEO BON Global change Monitoring Process models |
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