山东寿光滨海国家湿地公园湿地保护与恢复措施和工程探析

山东寿光滨海国家湿地公园中,湿地类型多样,动植物资源丰富,珍稀濒危物种和特有种多,具有很高的保护价值.该湿地公园中的湿地为典型的人工湿地,在经历了人类活动的高强度干扰后,人工湿地明显退化,亟需通过生态技术或生态工程对退化的湿地进行恢复和保护.通过分析区域现有湿地水文、水质条件以及湿地类型、资源现状和目标保护物种分布,综合考虑水源地,以湿地资源有效保护为根本出发点,运用生态保护规划的理论和方法,通过水系贯通、湿地功能恢复、水质和动植物生境改善等一系列生态重点工程和措施,优化该湿地公园的湿地生态环境,使该公园的湿地充分发挥它的多种功能,为该公园的湿地保护与恢复规划提供科学依据.

Analysis of Projects and Measures for Wetland Preservation and Restoration in Shouguang Coastal Wetland National Park,Shangdong Province

There are a variety of wetland types,abundant animal and plant resources,numerous rare and endangered species,as well as endemic species in Shouguang Coastal Wetland National Park,Shandong Province,which have high preservation value.The most wetlands in the park are typical artificial wetland types.These artificial wetlands have been severely degraded after strong disturbance of human activities.Because of the high area loss and the serious degeneration,Shouguang Coastal Wetland National Park has the urgent need to protect and restore wetlands by eco-technology and ecological projects.In this study,comprehensive evaluation on the characteristics of the region is conducted,including hydrological conditions,water quality,wetland types,resource status,distribution of target species,and water sources.Based on these analyses,a series of projects and measures to restore the wetland ecosystem and improve ecological and environmental quality are proposed,which can be summarized in the following three aspects:firstly,connect water system through cutting of drainages,and retreat farmlands to lakes or wetlands;secondly,construct artificial wetland to purify polluted waters;thirdly,improve the habitat so as to provide excellent staging,breeding,and wintering habitats for wetland birds.The projects and measures presented in this study,which aim at effective protection of wetland resources,are based on theories and methods of ecological protection and planning.