南极旅游业的发展与中国应采取的对策的思考

南极旅游是人类和平利用南极的方式之一。南极旅游始于上世纪五十年代末。在此后的半个多世纪中，南极旅游呈稳步发展趋势，游客人数明显上升，游览路线日渐成熟，交通方式逐步固化，多国经营者合作模式不断完善。与此同时，《南极条约》体系对南极旅游的环保规制也在不断加强。中国涉足南极旅游的时间较短，目前每年只有二三百人员赴南极旅游。鉴于南极旅游有利于提高人们欣赏自然景观、提高环保意识，有利于增进国际文化交流与环保合作，有利于促进产业结构的调整和优化，因此，建议中国加强对南极旅游问题的研究，尽快制订相应的法律法规，使南极旅游的开展与管理有法可依，有序进行；加快对国际规则的熟悉，加快与国际惯例的接轨；按照商业的发展规律去推动南极旅游业。

STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTARCTIC TOURISM AND THE COUNTERMEASURES CHINA SHOULD TAKE

Antarctic tourism is a peaceful use of Antarctica that started at the end of the 1950s.Since then Antarctic tourism has developed at a steady pace with a marked rise in tourist numbers,a gradual maturation of tourism routes with fixed transportation modes,and a continuous improvement in international cooperation between operators.Meanwhile,the legal regulations on environmental protection within the framework of the Antarctic Treaty System are becoming increasingly comprehensive and compulsive.China’s involvement in Antarctic tourism has not been long and only two to three hundred Chinese people travel to Antarctica each year.Antarctic tourism enables people to enjoy the beauty of nature and enhances awareness of environmental protection.It is also beneficial in promoting the communication of international culture and cooperation in the protection of the environment,and will benefit the restructuring and optimization of industry in China.Therefore,it is suggested that China should strengthen studies on Antarctic tourism,legislate for the operation and management of Antarctic tourism to follow rules,regulations and progress in an orderly manner,accelerate familiarization with international regulations and comply with international practice.Antarctic tourism should also be promoted in accordance with commercial rules.