冬奥赛场卫星和地基微波辐射计气温廓线观测对比和验证

利用探空站数据对北京和张家口冬奥赛场周边地区的地基微波辐射计和FY 4A大气垂直探测仪资料进行验证分析。选取2020年全年FY 4A大气垂直探测仪资料以及2020年12月至2021年3月期间对冬奥赛事有重要影响的寒潮前后、雾霾和沙尘暴这3种不同天气现象下探测得到的气温廓线数据进行个例分析。结果表明：在晴空条件下，地基微波辐射计和FY 4A大气垂直探测仪探测大气垂直气温的精度较高，平均相关系数达到0.97，低层大气（500 hPa以下）较高层大气探测结果的一致性较好；大气污染对探测精度产生一定影响，其中PM2.5产生的影响较小，PM10的提高对FY 4A大气垂直探测仪的探测产生较大影响，尤其是发生沙尘暴时，星载探测仪无法对低层大气进行探测。经过对比和验证，卫星探测作为补充探测手段，可以与地基微波辐射计互相补充，尤其是在空间覆盖和时间分辨率上具备一定优势，但在有云和沙尘暴的天气条件下无法对低层大气开展探测；地基微波辐射计可以对一个地点的大气垂直参数开展不间断的探测，与探空站数据的一致性较高。卫星探测和地基微波辐射计均可以为冬奥赛事提供高时间分辨率的探测数据，为数值天气预报提供有力的数据支撑。

Comparison and Verification of Vertical Temperature Profiles in Winter Olympic Venue Based on Satellite and Ground Microwave Observation Data

This paper compares and verifies the atmosphere temperature profiles in the Winter Olympic Venue by different observation data, including ground microwave radiometer and Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) on FY-4A. For verification, we select the temperature profile data of FY-4A GIIRS from January to December 2020. We also compare the temperature profile data in three different atmospheric conditions: clear sky, air pollution, and dust storm, which will influence the Winter Olympic Games. The statistical result shows that GIIRS and ground microwave radiometer observation products have good accuracy in clear sky conditions. The average correlation coefficient is 0.97. The lower atmosphere (under 500 hPa) shows better accuracy than the higher atmosphere. Air pollution has a certain impact on the accuracy of vertical atmosphere detection. The value of PM_2.5 has no obvious influence on the detection value. The value of PM₁₀, especially during sand storms, has a huge impact on the vertical atmosphere detection of FY-4A GIIRS. After double comparison, we discover that satellite detection can be an important observation data source complementing radiosonde instruments and microwave radiometers. The advantages of FY-4A GIIRS are wide and frequent observation, average and high special resolution, and its accuracy detection in most types of atmospheric conditions. However, the cloud and heavy PM₁₀ pollution will highly impact GIIRS. The ground microwave radiometer can get vertical atmosphere parameters frequently in a fixed location. It shows high accuracy with the detection of radiosonde instruments. Moreover, those detection methods can provide vertical atmosphere temperature data with good quality for the weather forecast to the Winter Olympic Venue.