从几何计算到特征提取的广义测量数据处理

当前，传感器技术、计算机技术和机器人技术迅猛发展，多传感器集成化、智能化趋势越来越明显。工程测量已向自动化、动态化、智能化方向发展，广泛用于大型桥梁、水利枢纽、高铁地铁、高速公路等工程的高精度测量，以及航天、航空、智能制造等领域的精密工业测量。应用领域的拓展也给测量任务提出了新的要求，测量数据处理不再局限于传统的纯几何参数估计，而是逐渐拓展到几何参数和特征信息兼具的广义测量数据处理。回顾了从经典测量数据处理到广义测量数据处理的发展过程，总结多类测量数据的处理分析逻辑，提出大数据时代下的测量数据处理面临的挑战。阐述了广义测量数据处理的基本思路和策略，并以典型案例来进行说明。

Generalized Surveying Data Processing: From Geometric Parameters Calculation to Feature Information Extraction

With the rapid development of technologies in sensor, computer and robotics, the trends of multi-sensor integration and intelligent applications are shown in surveying field. Engineering surveying has developed in the direction of automation, dynamism and intelligence, and is widely used for high-precision measurement of large bridges, water conservancy hubs, high-speed rail subways, highways and other projects, as well as precision industrial measurement in aerospace, aviation, intelligent manufacturing and other fields. The expansion of application fields also puts forward new requirements for surveying tasks.The surveying data processing is no longer limited to the traditional pure geometric parameter estimation, but gradually expands to the generalized measurement data processing with both geometric parameters and feature information. We review the development process from classical measurement data processing to generalized measurement data processing, summarize the processing and analysis logic of multiple types of measurement data, and present the challenges of measurement data processing in the era of big data. The basic ideas and strategies of generalized measurement data processing are elaborated and illustrated with several typical cases.