东北低山丘陵典型区侵蚀沟分布特征及其地形影响研究

东北低山丘陵区是重要的粮食主产区和商品粮基地，高强度的农业垦殖造成了严重的水土流失，侵蚀沟危害日益加剧。选择东辽河上游106.5 km²的区域为研究区，基于分辨率2 m的遥感影像，在GIS人工预判读侵蚀沟的基础上，野外实地验证并测量了研究区内长度≥50 m、且深度≥0.5 m的侵蚀沟的几何参数与经纬度；基于DEM获取了侵蚀沟所在坡面的坡度、坡向和高程等空间信息；分析了研究区侵蚀沟的基本特征与时空演化趋势，探讨了坡度和坡向对侵蚀沟发育的影响。结果表明：① 目前研究区已形成侵蚀沟322条，分布密度为3.0条/km²，沟壑密度为0.8 km/km²，割裂度为1.4%，侵蚀沟发展速度快，沟蚀强度已达强烈程度，应引起足够重视。② 侵蚀沟主要分布在6°~9°的坡耕地上，坡度对沟蚀的影响明显，坡耕地高强度垦殖是沟蚀加剧的主要驱动力；③ 阳坡（S、E）上侵蚀沟分布相对较多，而阴坡（N）上侵蚀沟分布最少，坡向对沟蚀也有一定影响。研究成果为认识东北低山丘陵区侵蚀沟发生与演化提供了科学数据。

Distribution Characteristics and Topographic Influence of Erosion Gully in Typical Hilly Region of Northeast China

The low mountain and hilly areas in Northeast China are important grain producing areas and commercial grain bases. High-intensity agricultural cultivation has caused serious soil erosion and increasing erosion ditch hazards. An area of 106.5 km² in the upper reaches of the East Liaohe River was selected as the study area, and the geometric parameters and latitude and longitude of erosion ditches with length ≥ 50 m and depth ≥ 0.5 m in the study area were verified and measured in the field based on the remote sensing images with 2 m resolution and manual prediction of erosion ditches by GIS. Based on DEM, the spatial information of slope gradient, slope aspect and elevation of erosion gullies was obtained; the basic characteristics and spatial and temporal evolution trends of erosion gullies in the study area were analyzed, and the influence of slope gradient and slope aspect on the development of erosion gullies was discussed. The results show that: 1) There are 322 erosion gullies in the study area, with a distribution density of 3.0 gullies /km², a gully density of 0.8 km/km², and a fragmentation degree of 1.4%. The development of erosion gullies is fast, and the intensity of gully erosion has reached an intense degree, which should be paid enough attention to. 2) Erosion gullies are mainly distributed on sloping arable land from 6° to 9°, the influence of slope gradient on gully erosion is obvious, and the high-intensity reclamation of sloping arable land is the main driving force for the increase of gully erosion. 3) There are more erosion gullies on the sunny slope (S, E, etc.), and least erosion gullies on the shady slope (N). Slope aspect also has a certain influence on gully erosion. The research results provide scientific data for understanding the occurrence and evolution of erosion gullies in low mountain and hilly areas of Northeast China.