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Individual Movement - Sequence Analysis Method (IM-SAM): characterizing spatio-temporal patterns of animal habitat use across landscapes
Authors:Johannes De Groeve  Francesca Cagnacci  Nathan Ranc  Nadège C Bonnot  Benedikt Gehr  Marco Heurich
Institution:1. Department of Geography, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium;2. Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach , Trentino, Italy degroevejohannes@gmail.comORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1274-3237;4. Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach , Trentino, Italy;5. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA, USA ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4954-9980;6. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA, USA ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-2251;7. Irstea, UR EFNO, Domaine des Barres , Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8717-231X;8. Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-9296;9. Department of Visitor Management and National Park Monitoring, Bavarian Forest National Park , Grafenau, Germany;10. Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0051-2930
Abstract:ABSTRACT

We present methodological advances to a recently developed framework to study sequential habitat use by animals using a visually-explicit and tree-based Sequence Analysis Method (SAM), derived from molecular biology and more recently used in time geography. Habitat use sequences are expressed as annotations obtained by intersecting GPS movement trajectories with environmental layers. Here, we develop IM-SAM, where we use the individual reference area of use as the reference spatial context. To assess IM-SAM’s applicability, we investigated the sequential use of open and closed habitats across multiple European roe deer populations ranging in landscapes with contrasting structure. Starting from simulated sequences based on a mechanistic movement model, we found that different sequential patterns of habitat use were distinguished as separate, robust clusters, with less variable cluster size when habitats were present in equal proportions within the individual reference area of use. Application on real roe deer sequences showed that our approach effectively captured variation in spatio-temporal patterns of sequential habitat use, and provided evidence for important behavioral processes, such as day-night habitat alternation. By characterizing sequential habitat use patterns of animals, we may better evaluate the temporal trade-offs in animal habitat use and how they are affected by changes in landscapes.
Keywords:Sequence dissimilarity  dendrogram  ungulates  spatio-temporal habitat use  mechanistic movement model
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