中国北方干旱化的几个问题

在对东北西部(主要是吉林西部)和内蒙古东部进行调研和考察的基础上,对我国北方干旱化和生存环境的现状、它们的社会经济影响以及人类活动在生态环境变化中的作用等问题进行了分析,得到如下结论:(1)北方干旱化形势严峻,生态环境仍在继续恶化;(2)不合理的人类活动对生态环境的破坏是加剧干旱化的一个主要因素;(3)位于气候和生态系统过渡带的半干旱区具有敏感性和可恢复性的双重特征,是干旱化研究的重点地区之一;(4)实施退耕还林还草和规划山川秀美的远景必须遵循生态规律;(5)有序人类活动是改善生态环境、防治北方干旱化和实现可持续发展的根本措施;(6)生态治理的有序人类活动与包产到户的土地承包政策之间存在矛盾;(7)必须正确处理生态治理的投入、经营和效益之间的关系.

Several Issues on Aridification in the Northern China

Based on our surveys and site investigations on environmental changes in the western area of Northeast China (mainly the western area of jilin province) and the eastern area of Inner Mongolia, the present statue was analyzed of aridification and life-supporting environment changes of China. The functions of human activities on aridification and the social and economic impacts on China were also explored. In this paper, we offered our considerations on a set of issues, including: 1) The aridification in the northern China is in severe situation, and the general conditions of eco-environment in such a region continue to deteriorate; 2) The influence of irrational human activities on eco-environment is a vital factor to speed up aridification; 3) Because of the two features: its sensitivity and its ability to recover from a bias process, the semi-arid area, characterized as the climatic and ecological transitional zone, is one of the key areas for aridification researches; 4) The natural rules must be followed in present human activities to convert land for forestry and pasture, and in the planning for a perspective beautiful land with green mountains and clean rivers; 5) Orderly human activity is the radical countermeasure to improve eco-environmental conditions so as to alleviate the negative impacts of the aridification in the northern China and to realize sustainable development; 6) The government policies of eco-treatment through orderly human activity conflict, to some extent, the current system of fixing farm output quotas on the household basis; 7) The relations among investments, operations and rewards in eco-environment treatment must be carefully considered.