Fishers' perception of a multiple-use marine protected area: Why communities and gear users differ at Mafia Island,Tanzania |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada A1C5R3;2. Mafia Island Marine Park, Marine Parks and Reserves Unit, PO Box 74, Mafia, Tanzania;1. Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 640, SE 40530, Göteborg, Sweden;2. Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden;3. Statistics Norway, PO Box 8131 Dep., NO-0033 Oslo, Norway;4. Department of Economics, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35045, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania;1. Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park (MBREMP), P.O.Box 845 Mtwara, Tanzania;2. Department of Agricultural Economics and Business, College of Agricultural Sciences and Fisheries Technology-University of Dar es Salaam, P.O.Box 35091, Dar es salaam, Tanzania;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Av. Alberto Lamengo, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil;2. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Sergipe, Campos Nossa Sra. da Glória, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, s/n, Nossa Senhora da Glória, SE, 49680-000, Brazil;3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Ciências da Sociedade e Desenvolvimento Regional, Departamento de Geografia de Campos dos Goytacazes, Rua José e do Patrocínio, 71, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28010-385, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | This study examined the perceptions of fishers from two fishing communities with differing use histories and involvement in the long-standing (16 yr) multiple use Mafia Island marine protected area (MIMP), Tanzania. A randomly distributed questionnaire indicated that 94% of fishers believed that without the MIMP, there would be overfishing, dynamite use, destroyed habitats, and few fish. Fishers were more positive about core zones (no-take fishery closures) than general use zones (areas allowing selective fishing) as a consequence of increases in fishing pressure. Those that reported increased catches and sizes of fish since the creation of the MIMP were more likely to agree with present zone locations and more positive in general about fisheries and conservation planning. Most thought that fish size and gear restrictions were preferable to permanent closures. Perceptions differed among communities and gear users. Community and gear type explained 46% of the variance in responses about the perception that fisheries and conservation are compatible goals. Somewhat surprisingly, these effects were more important than catch increases or involvement in MIMP-related activities. The differences in perception between communities may be partly attributed to different fishing histories. Multiple-use zoning provides a means to identify and resolve conflicts and achieve what are likely universal objectives for fisheries sustainability and conservation. |
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| Keywords: | Fisheries management Fishery closures Marine protected area Fisher perception Fisher knowledge Small-scale fisheries |
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